The Research On The Allocation Of Duty And Expenditure Responsibility On Natural Disaster Emergency Management

The thesis of this paper is the research on allocation of duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management. At present China’s emergency management has certain problems. According to the principle of territorial management, the responsibility on emergency management should be given to the local government. The central government can only be involved when the local government is not able to cope with the situation. But the current situation of our country is that the central government undertakes the majority responsibility of emergency management. Therefore duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management are not clear. This article attempts to perfect our fiscal system on emergency management and has a strong practical meaning.The article reviews the basic concepts of emergency management. the basic connotation of the intergovernmental fiscal relations and the basic analysis of the allocation of duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management. According to the principle of the division of governmental fiscal relations, such as the externality, the complexity to acquire information and the incentive compatibility, the article analyses the basic principle to allocate the duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management. The article also reviews the history of the emergency management in our country, summarizes the situation and the existing problems in the area of allocation of duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management.The next part of the article summarizes the basic systems of three developed countries (the United States, Australia and Japan) in the allocation of duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management and then puts forward the experiences that China can learn from. The article finds that three countries have established a perfect legal system of emergency management financial relationship. When the local government can effectively respond to natural disasters, the law requires that the local government is solely responsible for emergency management in the area. And only when the situations are beyond the ability of local governments, the local government can apply to the government at a higher level until the central government gets involved. Addition to this, the three countries have clear regulations on the standard of fiscal expenditure. The three countries have all attached great importance on the preventive fund on emergency management.By the end, the article puts forward several policy suggestions on how to perfect the allocation of duty and expenditure responsibility on natural disaster emergency management. On the stage of pre-disaster. we should improve the system of reserve funds and scientifically set the level of extraction ratio of each province. On the stage of disaster relief, we can draw two control lines and precisely calculate the responsibility of the central and local governments. There’re three main jobs on the stage of disaster relief, emergency rescue. people rescue and transition, subsidies in the transition period. We should consider the regional differences and set the proportion of levels of government investment. On the stage of after-disaster, the central government should take the main responsibility due to the huge funding requirements. And the specific work should let the local governments do. We should design an incentive compatibility mechanism, to make the orientation of the central and local convergence. In addition, this article also put forward five measures to perfect our emergency management system, enhance the capacity of emergency management of every level of governments.