The Research On The Problem Of Hollow Rural In The Transition Period

Since the reform and open up, the Chinese society has entered the period of economic transformation, which can be roughly divided into three stages: first is from 1978 to 1991, spontaneously start period; second is from 1992 to 2000, consciously promote period; the third is from twenty-first Century to the present, during which China’s economic development has entered the accelerated transition.During the transition period in the third stage, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization as well as the expanding of urban-rural income gap, the town offers a large number of employment opportunities, providing enough jobs for the rural labor force. In this context, the rural population flocks to the cities. The transition from agriculture to non agriculture results in a large number of idle rural homesteads and the lagging behind of rural infrastructure, forming a kind of "hollow village" phenomenon of expansion with left behind groups for population living mainly in the countryside. The population of village is less and large tracts of land are idle, which result in the waste of a large number of rural land resources. Emigration, village decline and public service can not be guaranteed, which not only worsen the living environment in rural areas but also break the ecological balance. As the young labor forces go out to work, children, women and the elderly are left in rural areas. Thus, they withstand a huge life and mental stress, which does no good to the healthy of farmers. The emergence of the phenomenon of hollow rural, not only restricts the sustainable development of rural economy, but also seriously affects the construction of the beautiful countryside process.Hollow rural phenomenon is inevitable in modernization, industrialization and urbanization process, and the process is insurmountable stage in the development of Chinese society. This paper takes the hollow rural phenomenon as the research object, and apply the "push and pull" theory as well as the theory of the integration of urban and rural areas to qualitatively analyze the formation of hollow rural from the aspects of basic factors and dynamic mechanism. Meanwhile, the author investigates his hometown- Henan province Guangshan County on-the-spot and establishes the regression model to quantitatively analyze the research data of factor of the rate in hollow rural areas. On this basis, this paper uses the method of contradiction analysis, seeing the "hollow" phenomenon dialectically, and studies the positive and negative influence of hollow village. Finally, it puts forward the improvement of hollow rural and transformation model, which provide a scientific basis for government decision-making.The article is structured as follows:The first part is the introduction, mainly expounding the research background, significance and the domestic and foreign research and innovation of this paper.The second part is summary of the definition of hollow rural, and analyzes the related theories, namely the "push and pull" theory and the theory of the integration of urban and rural areas.The third part analyzes the formation reason of rural hollowing out from the aspects of the basic factors and dynamic mechanism qualitatively and then carrying out the investigation of Henan County in Guangshan Province based on factor and dynamic mechanism. Finally, it establishes the model by stepwise regression method to quantitatively explore the factors that impact the rural hollowing degree.The fourth part analyzes the impact of rural hollowing out positively and negatively and puts forward the countermeasures and transformation model of hollow rural. Finally, it draws the main conclusion and analyzes the deficiencies and research prospects of this paper.