Demand Investigation And The Countermeasure Research Of Urban Empty-Nest Elderly

Numerous studies have shown that the empty nest family has become a global phenomenon. The empty nest family in our country the results of the combined effects of the advance of the aging population, the average life expectancy, the miniaturization of the family size, and the core family structure. The development of social productivity, the improvement of the population’s quality, the changes of family ethics and values make people give more attention and pursuit to autonomy, independence and free space; and the concept of conflict, few children and labor mobility play a acceleration effect to the permanent residence for parents and adult children. For empty nest families, especially the sick, elderly, disabled or half-disabled elderly people, in the case of the still not perfect social pension system, empty nest undoubtedly increased their risk of life and survival. Dalian is one of the earliest cities entering the elderly society, there are a large number of elderly people, and the percentage is huge, with fast growing pace, this is Dalian’s reality, especially under the situation that the economic foundation is not strong enough, pension and the basic public service systems are still not perfect enough, how to effectively deal with the dual challenge of "getting old before rich" and "not prepared before getting old" is an important issue which the government and society must face.This thesis focused on the pension demand of urban empty-nesters, under the precondition of developing the empty-nest elderly demand questionnaire, take the city of Dalian as an example, the sampling survey was carried out; combined with the questionnaires, with the methods of statistical analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, the influence factors of the empty nest elderly pension demand was studied, discussed the differences of the pension mode selection and pension demand of nesters with demographic characteristics, then put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the improving the urban empty nesters pension security system, meeting the city’s empty-nesters multi-level and diverse needs. It is found in the study on Dalian city’s empty nest elderly that:although most of the city empty nesters have economic security, the income level is generally low, the source of income is single, not enough for dealing with all kinds of life expenses; most empty nesters have chronic diseases, their ability to bear long-term medical expenses is not strong, with the growth of age, especially the degraded action capacity, a certain proportion of the elderly, especially the demand of elderly old for home sickbed is increasing; most empty nesters have less cultural and recreational entertainment, the social interaction is narrow, social participation is low, there is a certain absence of spiritual solace, and older people of all ages need the company of their children; city empty nesters overall bias family pension, the number of elderly who select institutional pension is relatively small, this is not only a manifestation of economic constraints, but also related to the traditional concept and the low degree of the pension mechanism. It is found in the study of the influence factors on the city empty nesters’pension demand that:age, marital status significantly influence the choice of empty nest elderly pension manner; the higher the education of the empty nest elderly is, the more they like to live separately with their children, the more distant they live from their children, the more independent they are; it is more often the active choice of the empty nest elderly to live apart from their children, and both sides hope to live in close distances, "the way of divide and not leave" is the best choice of living, at the same time, the choice of living ways id also affected by the number of children, housing areas, marital status, etc.; the happiness extent of the empty nest elderly is influenced by their own cultural level, the number of children, living conditions, the relations with children, and other factors. In view of the pension demand characteristics of the urban empty nest elderly and the facing problems, it is believed in the paper that it is needed to further improve and perfect the social support system in future, by fully relying on community resources and integrating various social resources, expand the participation of various social groups, so as to establish a social support and services system which combined with the "six in one" of government, society, communities, families, volunteers, and the elderly themselves.