Research On Evolution Of Russia’s Party System

Political party and party politics, which are parts of important symbols of modern democratic society, exist in current global politics widely. The fact that political parties are bridges between citizen and government, is approved by countries around the world, for its non-substitutability in countries’politics, economy and society.Russia was founded as an independent sovereign state in early 1990s when the Dissolution of the Soviet Union took place. Shortly after its independence, Russia began series of reform in many fields such as political, economic, cultural and social, one of the top priority is in politics. Therefore, driven by several leaders continuously, Russia’s political transformation process towards the goal of democracy. The most significant part of Russia’s political reform is the transformation in political party systems, which transforms single-party system into multi-party system. Russia is a multiracial country with wide range territory, profound arbitrary conventionalism and ordinary economic development. As a result, a unique party system with Russia’s characteristics is found eventually.In more than 20 years of political restructuring and reforming, the development of Russia’s political party system has experienced four stages, each stage has its own characteristics. In the infancy of multi-party system, a large number of political parties are found in Russia due to the ban on political parties is lifted. In the forming stage, the government lacks strong support because the opposition plays a leading role in the congress. In the developing stage, a number of laws are promulgated or revised to regulate the management of the party, to reform the electoral system, to strengthen the party’s contributions, and to help the party of power, which are strong supports to the government. In the improving stage, the situation that moderate parties play leading role and United Russia is in dominance, is generally known and accepted, for the political party systems be more stable and detailed. It is undeniable that there still many problems with multi-party system in Russia. Presidents are given large power, however lack of effective supervision from the congress. Political parties could hardly play an important role in democracy, owing to their low development. Living beneath despotic rulers for quite some time, citizens of Russia do not have enough political understandings and result in political indifference. No complete ruling party participate in nation politics, etc.The evolution of Russia’s political party system is inextricably bound up with the history of its political transformation process. Considering the historical backgrounds and social factors, through research and analysis on reform of Russia’s political party system during 3 presidents since the independence, there could be a straightforward understanding of the evolution of Russia’s political party system. This helps to explore internal relations between evolution of political party system, political transformation, and political democracy. In addition, research on the evolution of Russia’s political party system, which is an essential case in research on Russia’s political party system during the transition, has great practical and theoretical significance.