Research On Current Situation Of Rural Public Services Provision And Countermeasure Under The Background Of Rural Hollowing

China has been implementing the two kinds of public service supply mode in the framework of urban-rural dual economic and social structure for a long time due to historical reason, the city public services are mainly provided by the state, however, public services in rural areas depend mainly on rural collective economic organizations and farmers themselves, a few amounts of subsidies to rural public services are only given by the state. Two different models of public service have created a large gap between urban and rural areas in public services. With the issue of Three Agriculture has become increasingly apparent, especially millions of people have been migrating from the countryside to the city because of the lack of rural public service supply. The trend in hollowing phenomenon appeared in rural areas is growing in intensity and hollowing villages have become the one of problems in the rural development, which restricts China’s economic and social development to some extent. It is the thirteenth consecutive No.1 Central Document issued by the central government to guide the work of "Agriculture, Rural Area and Farmers" from 2004 to 2016. No.1 Central Document of 2016 once again pays close attention to issues of "Agriculture, Rural Area and farmers", which shows that although China’s economic development has entered a new normal, the issue of Three Agriculture is also the top priority. The report on the work of Fifth Plenary Session of 18th CPC Central Committee in 2015 and the government work report in 2016 particularly stress the importance of improving the supply of public services in rural areas and promotion of the equalization of urban-rural basic public services, and thus make the top-level design and institutional arrangements for optimizing the mechanism of rural public service supply. At present, China is in a critical period of completion of a comprehensive well-off society, building a moderately prosperous society cannot be done without scientific and robust development in rural areas. How to solve the problem of rural supply of public services better is one of the important issues for the construction of new socialist countryside, which is certainly an important means and way to achieve the equalization of urban-rural public services.This thesis, based on the existing research results and the foundation of the concerning theories of sociology, political science, economics, adopts the combination of theoretical and empirical methods for systematically and comprehensively studying the issue of rural public service under the background of rural hollowing, and the paper puts forward some opinions and advices about this issue. The paper is composed by four chapters:The first chapter is the introduction that mainly introduces the background and significance of the study and domestic and foreign status about the research, research methods and the innovation and shortcomings of this thesis.The second chapter is the theoretical part of this article, including interpretation of the concept and elaboration of the related theory.The third chapter is divided into two sections. The first section describes the basic situation of the surveyed area Z village, including the economic and demographic situation, and the status of hollowness and supply level of public services about the village. It also describes research methods and process. The second section in this chapter, taking the relevant theory of public services provision as an analytical framework to elaborate deficiencies in rural public services provision and general causes which can lead to short supply, is the correlation analysis between both rural hollowing and rural public services provision. This section includes three points: the first is to expound on the influence of rural hollowing on rural public services provision that can pose challenges to rural public services provision and also lead to insufficient supply of rural public services. The second is to illuminate reason analysis of the impact of existing rural public services provision on rural hollowing. The third point of this section analyzes the predicament of the poor provision of rural public services.The fourth chapter is about countermeasures and suggestions. This chapter points out the two main goals of establishment countermeasures, and creatively puts forth the advice that different ways of provision for rural public service should be taken according to different types of hollowing villages. For example, it should be taken by the mode of the multi-village community and central village, to provide centrally public services for the dispersive and fragmented villages which rural public services without effective supply. Meanwhile, the paper also proposed rural public services supply-side reform and emphasizes cooperation between the government and social capital. There is, in addition, need for encouraging villagers to utilize social capital and relational capital to cooperate with each other to comprehensively enhance the efficiency of public services provision. Grassroots governance should be integrated into the link of rural public services provision for hollowing village that were caused by poor governance, and the relations between government and market, government and society should be dealt with properly, which is emphasized in this process. This section also stresses the transformation of government functions in the governance and rural public services supply process. These counter measures provide not only feasible methods to further enhance and improve capacity and the supply level of rural public service to resolve issues of rural hollowing, but also provide a reference for government decision-making.The government should actively assume responsibilities of improving rural public services supply conditions to weaken the degree of hollowing villages, and do not let villages become history. The government should accelerate the implementation of the extension of public services from urban to rural areas, to achieve the equalization of urban-rural basic public services, so that left-behind villagers can enjoy better public services and social security and migrant farmers are willing to return home to live and work through the construction of new socialist countryside to gradually improve the quality and level of public services provision in rural areas.