Supervision Mechanism Research Perspective Of Relationship Between Party And Government Officials (1978-2015)

"The supervision of official" is one of the important topics in the field of political science. There are differences in the mechanism of the supervision of official between China and western countries due to different systems. In western countries, the supervision of official mainly adopt the way of system supervision, in which officials are divided into administrative officer and affair officer. Affair officers are supposed to adhere to the principle of value neutrality and not closely align with political parties.What is applied in China is an unique party-government system, in which the supervision of official mainly adopted the way of political parties supervision and administrative supervision interactively cooperating. And officials are not divided into administrative officer and affair officer.Relations between the political parties and the official are affected by the ways of country establishment. The establishment of relations between Chinese Communist Party and the official has its own historical logic that in the early 20th century when China was facing lots of difficulties both inside and outside, a highly organized political party was required to resolve the problems and crisis in the country and promote modernization.In this logic,party members is the important foundation of officials.After establishing the country, Chinese Communist Party applied many methods to the supervision of official which were used in revolutionary conflicts. Gradually,it comes into being three ways-organization unification, topics control and restraint by disciplines of political party. And the principle of party taking charge of cadre is the core of the supervision of official.During the Cultural Revolution,the administrative system was severely damaged.After the reform and opening-up, the construction of administrative system gradually restored, and official autonomy and the mechanism of the supervision of official have changed. On the one hand, in the conditions of the institutional constraints lagging behind and gravity of economic merits, official autonomy has shown disorder independence, and problems such as boundaries of power blurring, alignment of power and economy, the personification of power and power dependence emerged.At the same time, the relationship between the party and government started being adjusted, and mechanism of the supervision of official returned to institutionalization.With the construction and development of the supervision of official in mechanism, compound control which is make up by feedback control and feedforward control has become a new combination of official supervision mode.Feedback control is controlling official through system and law, and feedforward control is the ruling party’s political control of the official.After the eighteenth National Party Congress, under the pressure of anti-corruption,the Chinese Communist Party launched a series of new ways to supervise the official,mainly strengthening the political control of the official,which can be achieved by three ways-- insertion of political party’s organization inside the official system, introduction of vertical supervision, system design and technical supervision.In the same time,social control has become a way of official supervision, and official supervision has entered a new stage.