Research On The Influence Of Elite Outflow To Rural Development

Rural elite is the core strength of rural development and the linking bridge between the State and the Peasants. Rational and efficient use of the rural elite force can reduce rural development costs and increase capital development. Nowadays, however, with the continuous deepening of reform and opening, elite outflow cost which is covered by the outflow of rural labor is beyond the situation that rural can handle. Elite rural exodus decreases the marginal benefit, and brought a wide range of influence to rural development.The interview method and observation method are used to study the influence of elite outflow by surveying a typical village in Hunan province in this paper. Based on Social Capital Theory, this article researches the current status of F village elite outflows and the reasons. Meanwhile, it shows the influence of elite outflow to “public”, “community” and “privacy” three different areas.As in "public" areas, the outflow of national elites as links between the state and the villagers, has been undertaken the "transmit messages" role. It is a "mouthpiece" and the executor of the state policy of rural. Exodus of the elite upset the original balance of the social structure in rural areas, and few in the village elite is difficult to assume the task of managing the entire countryside, which is leading to confusion within the rural structure and weakening state control over the countryside. In this village, elite insufficient to let the non-elite group such as "tyrants" and other rural institutions homeopathic become the elite, this not only affects the primary government authority, but also affected the real implementation of national policies in rural areas. At last, it influences the impact of government and grass-roots relations villagers, exacerbating the tension between cadres. As in the “community” field, not only the rural elite outflow has large infect on rural property and facilities, which also changed the social values and ethics in rural areas. Villagers are short of spirit of public participation because of lack of elite guiding. The outflow of the elite lifestyle and their "utilitarianism", "education worthless theory" and other concepts affect the social atmosphere of the whole countryside. As in “privacy” filed, the absence of the outflow elite family roles is not conducive to the harmonious development of a close family relation. At the same time, outflow of fracture of the elite and the relationship between the villagers of familiarization, the village traditional culture can also aggravate rural "atomic" phenomenon.In order to provide effective reference for rural development, this article gave suggestions from two aspects of improving the rural democratic autonomy and the diversification of elite mobility.