| After Chinese economic reform in the late 70s’, people’s ideology and mindset have changed with macro changes of economic reform. Although the employment rate of females in China is way higher than world’s average level, this rate is still declining every year. As a matter of fact, more and more females were returning home to contribute their value via domestic work. Thus, gender role reflects its new modern and traditional characteristics. What is the present social cognition of gender role in China? Is realistic reflection of gender role consistent with its social attitude? In addition, what factors are impacting on the attitude towards gender role in present Chinese society? What is the theory behind the fact?At the beginning of this research, historical changes of gender role in China were reviewed. Detailed analysis of the three typical periods of Chinese society was conducted: the Chinese traditional stereotyping of gender role; vague gender role within 30 years after PRC was found; and transition of gender role after Chinese economic reform. After that, the conclusion that gender role in reality is in conflict with social cognition was reached by comparing the data of CGSS2006 and CGSS2010. The cause of this conflict is the refection of modern citizens’ dilemma— the co-existence of freedom and depression in real life.Last but not least, regression model was built based on socialization theory in order to analyze the difference of attitude towards gender with different period, gender and age groups. Results showed that, for males who were born before 1960, older males’ attitude towards gender role tended to be more traditional, and male party members’ attitude towards gender role tended to be more modern; for females who were born before 1960, the higher educational level of their mothers, more modern attitude towards gender role. In fact, females with the higher educational level or the higher proportion contributed of their family income tended to have a more modern attitude towards gender role. In addition, female party members desired more gender quality. However, the more children females have would lead their attitude towards gender role to be more traditional and conservative. Another finding is that family socialization and re-socialization had significant impacts on forming gender role attitude for males who were born after 1960. If father had an education level higher than senior high school and mother was also working, males would have a more modern gender role attitude. With a father who was doing administration work would make males have a more traditional gender role attitude than other types of occupations. Besides that, higher education level made males tend to have a more modern gender role attitude. Males as a party member had a more traditional gender role attitude than non-member peers. Higher education level also made females born after 1960 have a more modern gender role attitude. Comparing with females with a non-administrative job, females unemployed or with administrative jobs tended to have a more traditional gender role attitude.Although gender equality has become the mainstream consciousness, but the fact that inequality still exists. In reality, the degree of women’s employment, education, income, and the proportion of political elite are less than man. The leading position of man has not been shaked. On concept, among no matter male or female, there is a considerable proportion of the population that still proponents of traditional gender roles. At the same time, the modernity of man’s gender role attitude is less than women’s. It is can be seen from the data, the reality of gender inequality and the attitude of it exist, but compared with the concept of gender inequality, the reality of gender inequality is more serious. The process of culture is always ahead of reality, and restricted by reality... |
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