From Senior High School To College:a Quantitative Study Of The Family Background’s Influence On Educational Achievement

The family is the basic unit of society, and has its own specific social function, of which raising and educating children is one of the fundamental functions. With the continuous development of human society, industry margin relationship gradually becomes the most important type of social relationship, while the most dependent and vital blood and geopolitical relationship under the background of the Chinese traditional culture are affected more and more adversely. Schools based on the industry margin relationship play an increasingly important role in children’s education and growth, which seems to have an impact on family education. But we should recognize that the family is the most basic institution of initial socialization and the place of children accepting education originally. Meantime, the status of parents as children’s first initiator is unable to be replaced. Although various types of formal schools develop rapidly nowadays and educational function is more and more powerful, the family still plays the stable significance in education, which cannot be replaced by regular school. Especially parents as the initiator have a great influence on children’s growth. Parents’ educational level, their ways to educate their children, family environment play important roles in the growth of children. These family environments have an impact on not only children’s thinking and behavior, but also children’s academic achievement performance of different stages.On the basis of the above background, the thesis tries to explore how the factor of family background effects the academic achievement of children and which factors will become the main influential factors from the perspective of family background. Through taking advantage of survey data of ’The development status of middle school students in Nanjing’ in 2010 and 2013 and building the model of multiple linear regressions, we find that there are great differences between male and female academic achievements during high school and college. In the high school stage, male academic achievement is at an advantage position compared with female students. However, at the undergraduate level, women are in a dominant position on academic achievement, and the gender difference is more and more significant in college. The gender difference of academic achievements in the stage of high school and college conforms to physiology and intelligence growth curves regulation of different genders, and academic achievement of different academic stage has something to do with social gender role expectation. There were no significant influence on academic achievement in high school whether the only child or not. But compared with the only child, non-only-child at the university level has more advantages. Some researches contend that the difference characteristics have something to do with ages and growth environment.Compared to low-income earners, children have a low level of academic achievement in the high school stage if their father has high income. There does not have distinctive difference on children’s academic achievement at the stage of high school and college if their father is middle-income and low-income earner. Mother’s income level has insignificant impact on children’s academic achievement of different academic stages. Some researches suggest that in a large degree fathers’ income level determines the social and economic resources of the whole family and influences the obtainment of students’ culture resources, especially for the middle-class students. However, students with low-income father have stronger learning motivation than students with high-income father. They hope to achieve higher goals by learning, so they study harder and harder and academic achievement advantage is more obvious. The academic achievement at the university stage has something with individual internal control factor more. Types of Mother’s occupation have great influences on academic achievement at the university stage. The children whose mother works in the technical field have higher academic achievement. The types of father’s occupation have insignificant impact on the academic achievement at the stage of high school and college. The characteristic is the product of the combination of traditional family division structure and modern women’s liberation movement.