Research On Primary School Education Resources Distribution And Spatial Accessibilityin The Poor Area

Since the release of compulsory education law, the enrollment rate of children ofschool age in China has reached98.9percent in1998. With the rise of compulsoryeducational level, Chinese government has also laid greater stress on the quality andfairness of the education. The balanced development of compulsory education hasbeen focus on the educational fairness. However, the gap between urban and ruralarea, different places as well as schools have also resulted in a series of problems suchas the irrational allocation of educational resource, further hindering the developmentof basic education. This paper has adopted GIS technology to study the fairness issueof the allocation of basic educational resource and also conducted a multi-dimensionalspatial analysis based on the geographical allocation information of the educationalresource in a certain area so as to evaluate the accessibility of the educational resourceand provide some reference for the decision-making upon the rational allocation ofeducational resource.The traditional accessibility research has focused on the city and thus beenwidely applied in the medical health, public facility and economy. Considering thatthe research upon the educational resource with the assistance of GIS technology hasbeen confined to the urban area, more attention should be given to the rural area,especially the educational issue in the national-level poverty-stricken area. Targeted atthe irrational spatial allocation of basic educational resource in the poverty-strickenarea, this paper has chosen Qianjiang District of Chongqing City which is known asthe poorest belt as an example. By using the natural village as the measurement and also adopting the data processing platform such as ARCGIS10.0, this paper has madea study of the technology used to evaluate the present situation of the spatialallocation of educational resource in the poverty-stricken area and also analyzed thespatial accessibility from different angles. The effect of spatial factors upon theeducational activity and resource has been emphasized while a set of theory that aimsto evaluate the spatial accessibility in the poverty-stricken area by combining with thecomplicated relationship between the spatial factors has been developed. The keyissue is the spatial distribution of educational resource and the spatial feature ofeducationalaccessibility. This paper has also researched the distribution of educationalresource from the perspective of spatial factor, based on which the serving area ofeducationalaccessibility and various accessibility index for the elementary educationalresource will be alsoevaluated from the supply-demand view.From the angle of poverty mountain areas, this paper has focused on theelementary educational resource and also established the analysis system ofeducational resource accessibility for the area accordingly. What is more, this paperhas adopted the ARCGIS software to analyze the relationship between data attributeand spatial location as well as the spatial database devoted to elementary educationalresource in Qianjiang District. The network analysis function of the software has beenalso used to calculate the serving scope of each school. The functions of GIStechnology such as the spatial link, analysis and statistics have been also used to workout the spatial accessibility of educational resource and completethe research upon thespatial distribution of the existing educational resource in QianjiangDistrict. The maincontent and result of the research will be presented as follows.1This paper has studied the expression method of educational accessibility. Thetraditional method has combined with the method suitable for the research so as towork out a whole set of evaluation system.2By making use of modified two-step floating catchment area method, thispaper has improved and realized the key technology for the poverty mountain areasand also evaluated the spatial accessibility of educational resource from theperspective of the elementary school and residential area. The improved method will be suitable for evaluating the spatial distribution of educational resource in thepoverty mountain areas.3The spatial distribution of educational resource in the poverty mountain areashas been studied from different angles. After calculating the spatial accessibility ofeducational resource in110schools and1318natural villages, this paper has alsoidentified the advantageous and disadvantageous area in terms of educational resource.The research result has shown that the area with a high level of educationalaccessibility has accounted for less than30percent of the total requirement.4This paper has made an in-depth analysis on the comparison and evaluation ofthe accessibility index and other attributes in the serving area of elementary schoolwithin Qianjiang District from different angles. In addition, the thematic map has alsobeen made so as to exhibit the spatial feature and accessibility difference.In this research, the method of accessibility evaluation has been applied to theanalysis of educational resource in the poverty-stricken area. By taking the feature ofthe research area and spatial distribution of existing educational resource intoconsideration, this paper has evaluated the educational accessibility in the area fromdifferent angles. Based on the actualcondition of the research area, this paper has alsocome up with the measures of optimizing the allocation of elementary educationalresource so as to lay a solid foundation for the further optimized allocation.