The Research On The Characteristics, Mechanism And Derivative Issues Of Population Concentration And Industrial Agglomeration In Beijing

As an open multi-purpose space systems, a city covers economic space, social space and ecological space, and industry and population are its basic components, which have an important impact on the accumulation and spread of the city. Urban development needs the support of industry; rational industrial structure and scientific layout of urban industrial are the power source to promote the development of a city, good industrial space organizations help to promote the optimization of urban space. Population is an important criterion to measure the size of the city, and it is necessary condition for the city to be compromised, the people’s production and life activities construct an open city network structure. The layout of Industrial has an impact on the flow of population and vice versa. The increase of the population number does not necessarily lead to "urban disease","full of people" may be OK, and however,"too crowded" will cause problems. The unbalancing distribution of population and industry is inconsistent with the requirements of new urbanization; it is not conducive to the optimization and sustainable development of urban space. It is urgent and important to explore the optimization problem of urban space from the perspective of the distribution of population and industry.This article focuses on Beijing’s population and industrial layout, and uses non-parametric regression methods to explore the characteristics of the evolution of urban space in Beijing, discusses the causes of agglomeration and the problems of the unbalanced distribution of population and industry from the perspective of market potential,"flow space" and the allocation of resources, and then we make recommendations to optimize the urban space of Beijing from the perspective of a balanced and rational distribution of industry and population. Based on the existing research literature, this paper has further innovative research in the following aspects:Firstly, we use industrial agglomeration indicators to measure the status of the industry agglomeration in Beijing, and summarize the evolution process of Beijing’s secondary and tertiary industries function space to understand the essence of the problem and lay a solid foundation to identify the cause of the problem and provide solutions. Secondly, the composition of urban space is complex; we should use parametric methods as well as non-parametric methods to analyze the characteristics of population sub-centers and industry sub-centers. We regard the distribution of population and industry as the external existence form of city space, and then we find the law of the evolution of urban space in order to explore how to optimize of urban space. Thirdly, we analyze the reasons why population and industry gather in the heart of Beijing from the perspective of the spatial economy and "flow space". We combine the "flow space" and spatial economic theory and use "center-periphery" model to interpret the reasons for gathering, using new planning concepts to change the mode of development and break the urban development bottlenecks to optimize the population-industrial space. Finally, we subdivide the urban space into economic space, social space and ecological space to explore the problems of urban development. Then we provide policy advice from the perspective of rational distribution of industry, scientific urban planning and traffic guidance to optimize the population-industrial space.The paper obtains the following conclusions:Firstly, the distribution features of population and industry in Beijing. From the perspective of population distribution, population still concentrate in the urban centers and the surrounding suburban areas; from the perspective of industrial distribution, industry has a significant trend to gather in the center, the "single center" spatial structure has not changed fundamentally. Secondly, the nature reason for agglomeration is agglomeration economies. From a planning perspective, the basic reason for the gathering is subject to the path dependence and "field space" planning concepts, the general reason for the gathering is that there are more education and health care resources in the center. Thirdly, the agglomeration of industry and population causes many derivative problems. From the perspective of economic space, urban space polarization is obvious; the development of industry and city is uncoordinated. From the perspective of social space, the separation of workplace and residence and unbalanced allocation of resources increase the pressure of traffic. From the perspective of ecological space, resources shortage and environmental pollution problems is growing.A healthy population-industrial space should reflect significant economic, social and ecological nature, and have an incentive to grow. Only by following evolution law of urban space, analyzing the aspects of industrial layout, urban planning and traffic guidance, can we strengthen the gathering attractiveness of the city sub-center, break the "single-center" type of concentric expansion mode, and optimize the urban space.