| With the intensification of global aging issues, as the world’s most populouscountry, Chinese pension problem is faced with enormous challenges. In2011,Chinese rural population reached656.56million,122.88million of them are over theage of65in rural areas, such a large group of elderly people in rural areas has pose aquestion of how to guarantee the standard of living in their old ages, and this hasbecome a immediate problem for the government. Rural social pension is animportant part of the rural social security system, strengthening the social securitysystem in rural areas is an important step to realize social fairness and justice, animportant part of building a socialist harmonious society, an important task topromote urban and rural development, to expand domestic consumer demand, toaccelerate the transformation of economic development initiatives. The governmentmust further strengthen their sense of responsibility and mission, and vigorouslypromote the construction of rural social security system, so that the basic living of themajority of farmers is under a reliable and effective protection.As early as in the mid-1980s, the country embarked on rural social endowmentinsurance pilot and exploration which has made some achievements, but due to theconstraints of the various conditions, its difficult to make further achievements inrural endowment insurance reform, the vast majority of rural areas still practicedfamily pension mode. In2007, the Communist Party Congress proposed to explorethe establishment of rural endowment insurance system. On the basis of pilotexperiences summed up in some areas, in2009,"Guidance of State Council to carryout the new type of rural social pension insurance†formally introduced the pilot anddecided to begin the reform with10%of the country’s counties (cities, districts andbanners) and gradually expand the coverage, strive to achieve full coverage of theschool-age residents in rural areas in2020. By the end of2009, the first batch of11new type of rural insurance pilot counties (districts) in Jiangxi Province wereintroduced under the guidance of the State Council. In the second half of2010, afterbeing approved by the new type of rural insurance pilot leadership working group ofState Council, Jiangxi Province has added13pilot counties (cities, districts) into thepilot group. By the end of2011, a total number of77new type of rural insurancepilot counties (cities, districts) were covered in the category, the insurance paymentnumber reached1044.9million and a population of290million whose age are over 60in rural areas became pensioners.This paper aims to be carried out in the form of questionnaire survey,summarizes the statistics of personal family characteristics, economic level and thedegree of system awareness. By applying the SPSS software and logistic binaryregression model analysis of the data,this paper attempts to find the impact ofdifferent factors on the behavior of the insured, and thus promote the new type ofrural insurance system design and come up with suggestions for improvements. Thispaper selected nine pilot counties (cities, districts) as surveyed objects which areJinxian county, Wanli District of Nanchang City, Dongxiang County of Fuzhou City,Qianshan County of Shangrao City, Nankang City of Ganzhou, Shuiqu City of Xinyu,Wuning County of Jiujiang City, Yongxin County of Ji’an City, Jing’an County ofYichun City.400copies of questionnaires were distributed,378copies out of themwere collected of which356copies were valid.In order to find out the influencingfactors on farmers willingness to participate in the new type of rural socialendowment insurance, this paper selected12explanatory variables from personal andfamily characteristics of the farmers, the state of the economy and awareness of newtype of rural insurance system, which are age, level of education, number of sons anddaughters, family population et al. Through the use of iterative and logistic binaryregression model, this paper found that the following five factors are closely related torural residents choice in participating in the insurance——level of education, annualhousehold income, acknowledging of the rural insurance, land contraction situation,number of sons. And after a series of analysis we draw to the following conclusions:(1) the surveyed areas showed tendency of “boys are better than girls†and are moreinclined to traditional family pension mode.(2) a negative correlation were foundbetween the level of education and the participation rate.(3) the income of thefarmers no longer just rely on agricultural production, instead, most of the income areearned from migrant working, business running and other modes of production, theincome difference will, in return, affect the number of participation and paymentlevels.(4)only a minority of the investigated residents had a full understanding of newtype of rural insurance system, contributing to low level of participation.(5)60%ofthe investigated expressed general satisfaction with the new type of rural insurancesystem, here are the main reasons for dissatisfaction of the system: unable to know theexact number they can receive when they turn old, concerns about the smallpercentage of government subsidies. Finally, on the basis of the existing theory and combined with the results of thedata analysis, this paper comes to the following improving suggestions: weakeningfamily pension ideology and strengthening the propaganda of system, meeting thesystem needs of special groups, improving the pension replacement rate, speeding upthe legalization process of rural endowment insurance and promoting the constructionof other supporting systems of social security system in rural areas. Hopefully withthe consistent and fruitful research and effort, Chinese rural social security system canbe continuously improved, the benefit of universal social security system can bedelivered as soon as possible. |
PDF Full Text Request