| The transfer of rural surplus labor force is a major issue in the process of China’s industrialization, urbanization and modernization, and it is the key factor to completely resolve China’s "three agricultural issues". Since from the new century, the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee has draft Document No.1for eight consecutive years to guide the work of the "three agricultural issues", which fully reflects that the State Council highly concerned about the "three rural" work and have firm determination to completely solve the problem of the "three rural".Previous studies have shown that policy and institution are key factors to affect the transfer of labor. Policy changes have great guiding effect on the mobility of labor and it also has far-reaching effects to the transfer scale of the surplus rural labor, geographical choice and industry choice. Since the reform and opening up, through policy adjustments and institutional innovation, relying on the booming development of township enterprises, the private economy and the county’s economy, China’s eastern coastal region has create a lot of jobs, taking the lead locally transfer a large number of rural surplus labor force, and step by step advance the industrialization, urbanization, modernization and urban-rural integration process. In recent years, with the development of the central and western China and the deepening of the coordinated regional economic development strategy, the factors of production speed up the flow to the less developed regions, which not only promoted the adjustment of industrial structure of the traditional labor exporting region, but also open up the new channel transfer for rural surplus labor. At the same time, the supply and demand relationship of China’s labor market had new changes:in coastal and parts of inland the labor have experienced the excess into a lack and appeared "recruitment difficulties" phenomenon, because of the transfer costs, policies and other factors, many original long-distance transfer employment of rural labor force in favor of home business and locally transferred.This paper based on the above background, using the method of combining normative and empirical and institutional research methods to review relevant theory on the transfer of rural surplus labor, introduced the research methods of New Institutional Economics and the Theory of Institutional Change, combined with the actual situation of rural surplus labor transfer in China and Hubei province. This paper believe that the transfer of rural surplus labor transfer is not complete and have some problems such as dual labor market structure, employment discrimination,weak social networks and lack of human capital. Through further research this article points out that the key of these problems are the actual situation of China’s urban and rural division of the dual household registration system, the system of agricultural land, the social security system, employment system, education and training system and other policy factors.Finally, the transfer of rural surplus labor of China need institutional innovation to break the current series of non-equilibrium system. The following are the specific measures:First, strengthen government guidance, promoting agricultural modernization and industrialization process, supporting and encouraging the development of township and village enterprises, private economy and county’s economy to create sufficient jobs for rural surplus labor force in the local in order to make the rural surplus labor to transfer locally; second, regard farmers as the main part and market-oriented, relying on the development of multi-urbanization, the household registration system, the social security system, the agricultural land system, employment system, as well as education and training system, through promoting urban and rural integration process to ultimately achieve reasonable and orderly transfer of rural surplus labor and making farmers become citizens. |
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