Research On Differences Of Public Service Supply Between Urban And Rural Areas In China And Its Equalization Policy

Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese economy continues to maintain themomentum of rapid growth, in this case, private product supply is increasinglyrich, private demand has been greatly satisfy the needs in the development of themarket economy. But due to a lack of supply in terms of basic public services, theresidents’ growing demand for basic public services are not being met, which becomesthe principal contradiction of society development. In case of insufficient supply ofpublic services, public service supply in our country appeared the regionaldisparity, the gap between urban and rural areas and the trade gap. In these gaps, thegap between urban and rural areas is particularly prominent, is the principal aspect ofa contradiction. The service of basic education, public health, social security, publicinfrastructure which city residents enjoy is better than that of rural residents. Theimbalance between urban and rural public service supply makes rural residents havedifficult in obtaining basic public services, which leads to rural residents’ right tobasic survival and development can not be guaranteed and seriously affects theimprovement of quality of rural residents and the development of rural economy andsociety. On many important conferences in recent years, the government offered torealize the equal basic public services between urban and rural areas, aimed atresolving the problems people most concerned about, improving the quality of life,narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas and promoting social harmony anddevelopment. The realization of the equal basic public services between urban andrural areas is an important historic task in the current and future period.The paper firstly combs the related concepts of equal basic public services andresearch tendency and discusses the inspiration in understanding basic public servicesequalization problem coming from public product theory, welfare economics theory,public justice theory and new public management theory and other related theory.Secondly, the paper analyzes the supply condition of basic public services in therespect of expenses and resource supply. We find that the supply level and quality between urban and rural areas. We measure the degree of equalization and find thatthe supply level between urban and rural areas is not equal.Thirdly, this paper analyzes the reason of non-equalization and finds that theimperfect current financial system, the existence of urban and rural dual system, theincomplete supply mechanism of basic public service imperfect laws and regulationsare the reasons of non-equalization of basic public service.Finally, this paper puts forward the specific countermeasures of realizing equalbasic public services between urban and rural areas in our country. Firstly, we shouldmake reform of urban and rural dual system, including accelerating reform of thehousehold registration system and establishing a unified urban and rural basic publicservice supply system. Second, we should deepen the reform of financial system,including the reasonable division of governments responsibility in providing basicpublic services, ensuring that all levels of government have the financial resourcesmatching the duties, establishing equal oriented transfer payment system and increasefinancial support for rural basic public services. Third, improve the basic publicservice supply mechanism, including establishing diversified basic public servicesupply mechanism and making participation mechanism of basic public services forfamers. Fourth, establish and improve the basic public services related laws andregulations. Fifth, improve the supporting measures of equal basic public servicesbetween urban and rural areas, including the construction of institutions of urban andrural basic public services, strengthening the personnel training to strengthen andconsummating evaluation mechanism of basic public service supply.