The Evaluation Of Ecological Assets In Harbin By The Quantitative Method Of Remote Sensing

Ecological asset is a comprehensive characterization of the biological resources direct value of ecological system and the indirect value of ecological services. It is the total assets of compound ecosystem in nature, economy and society. It is not only the material basis and guarantee of the national economic and social sustainable development, but also an important part of national competitiveness. In nowadays, the human society economy developing rapidly, ecological environment problem has become the bottleneck of economic development and social stability. Ecological assets value assessment is one of the important indexes of ecological security as accounting green GDP. In recent years, it has become the focus research in the field of ecology and economics at home and abroad. The development of remote sensing and geographic information technology not only can provide objective, rapid and dynamic information for ecological assets value assessment, but also reflect its time and space distribution characteristics. Thus, it has become the most effective means in today’s ecological asset evaluation.This paper integrated use of ecology, ecological economy theory、the remote sensing and geographic information technology, on the basis of defining the connotation of ecological asset、 ecological value of the asset composition and ecosystem service functions, to human well-being as the starting point of MA classification system used as the main body framework to determine the classification system of ecosystem services, and combining ecology model and remote sensing information model, building the ecological asset remote sensing measurement evaluation index system. Using remote sensing images, soil, climate and ecological environment of MODIS data, to evaluate ecological assets in2000、2005、2010of Harbin, analyzing the change of the ecological asset and the status of the time and space distribution. Research conclusions are as follows:1)Time changes of ecological asset showed that:the ecological asset value of Harbin city in2000,2005and2010has reached2160.95,3932.72and2139.92billion yuan. The per unit area value, respectively was4.0701million/(km2·a),7.4071million/(km2·a),4.0305million/(km2·a). From the different ecosystem types of ecological assets value point of view, forest ecosystem value> farmland ecosystem value> wetland ecosystem value> construction land ecosystem value> grassland ecosystem value. Among them, the value of forest ecosystem, respectively was181.821billion yuan,326.55billion yuan and326.55billion yuan, it has the highest value and the biggest contribution; the value of grassland ecosystem, respectively was0.079million yuan,0.116million yuan and0.007million yuan, it has the lowest value and the minimum contribution. 2) The spatial distribution of ecological assets showed that:The distribution of Harbin ecological asset value are gradually reduced from west to east in2000、2005and2010. Among them, the western region was highest and the eastern was lowest. In2000, the west of Harbin ecological assets total value was28.283billion yuan, and the total value reached52.028billion yuan in2010. Ecological assets in different areas of the difference was obvious. From the point of total value of ecological asset, ecological assets total value of Harbin in2000-2010increased by236.57billion yuan, the per unit area value increased by1.2417million yuan(km2’a).3) The composition of ecological asset value showed that:From the aspects of single ecological asset value, in the structure of the ecological asset value in2000、2005、2010three periods, follow the same rule, soil conservation value> water conservation value> air quality adjustment value> organic production value> nutrient cycling value. Among them, soil conservation value of2000,2005,2010, respectively was156.842billion yuan,289.781billion yuan,143.581billion yuan. And least value was the value of nutrient cycling, respectively was1.0542million yuan,1.6229million yuan,1.0952million yuan.4) Ecological asset distribution characteristics in different areas showed that, the per unit area value of soil conservation changed significantly in Harbin, other indicators per unit area value change was not significant. From2000to2010, Shangzhi has the highest unit value of ecological asset, respectively was6.4715million/(km2·a),13.016million/(km2·a),6.6246million/(km2·a).From2005to2010, area counties unit ecological asset was on the decline, Shangzhi was still the highest.5) Relationship between ecological asset and regional sustainable development showed that:From2000to2005, the whole study area average ecological asset was on the rise. From2005to2010, average ecological assets in the study area was on the decline; Mulan county, Yilan county and bin county had the biggest drop, dropped from level1to level3.Ecological assets value assessment based on remote sensing provides Objective, fast, rating information and the spatial distribution characteristics. Research results can well reflect the status of regional ecological environment quality and its changes, it can provide important basis for regional sustainable development evaluation and ecological environment construction planning.