Study On The Efficiency Of Agricultural Land Use In Poor Areas

Farmland is an important part of land resources, it is also the most basic elements for agricultural development and the most significant conditions for food production. Without the using of farmland resource, it’s hard to develop for human beings. Therefore, efficiency of farmland utilization will make an important impact on the development of regional economy and the country’s food security. Pengshui county is a national poverty county,78.1% of the population engaged in agriculture, and each person only has a 0.098 hectares of arable land. At the same time with the development of social economy led to an increasing demand of non-agricultural utilization on farmland. In the case of per capita arable land area is limited, how to maximize the efficiency of farmland utilization, has become a problem which the government departments and experts should pay more attention to. Based on such a background, the study of efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county has a strong practical significance.First of all, on the basis of summarizing the relevant research at home and abroad this paper defines the concepts and theories of the efficiency of farmland utilization. Then, in the angle of time sequence, this paper gives a measurement about the efficiency of farmland utilization in Pengshui county by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the calculated result reveals the change trend and the law of efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county; Finally, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county by using Tobit regression model. At the same time, this paper also studied the degree and direction of influence factors, and put forward relevant policy recommendations which can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of Pengshui county farmland according to the results of the analysis. In this paper, the main research conclusions are as follows:The mean value of the technical efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county is 0.891 from 1978 to 2013. That is to say, in the case of output unchanged, if Pengshui county wants to make efficiency of farmland utilization more effective the actual inputs need to reduce 10.09%. Technical efficiency can be decomposed into the product of the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency, the average value of these two effective values is 0.928 and 0.960.From an overall perspective, although the efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county presents an upward trend, in each stage, the efficiency value fluctuation range is relatively great, and there’s obvious differences between each year. Through the projection analysis we can find, it is obvious that, the input of the using of farmland is redundancy and the output is deficiency (Specific data is visible in the appendix). In this paper, the input indicators come out redundancy, and the redundancy in agricultural practitioners is the biggest, it shows that there is a large number of surplus agricultural labor force in Pengshui county. Appropriate amount of fertilizer agricultural and agricultural mechanical power input redundancy phenomenon is more obvious. Fully illustrates that there’s a more extensive land use patterns in Pengshui county agricultural production, the phenomenon of excessive agricultural production inputs is obvious, agricultural inputs configuration mode is very unreasonable. When we talk about the status of the agricultural output is insufficient, we can take the "the eighth five-year period" as the boundary, there’s a serious shortage of agricultural output between "Sixth five-year period" and "the eighth five-year period", and the situation is getting worse and worse. The agricultural output inefficiency ratio is as high as 84% by 1990, which is the worst among all the time. But after "the eighth five-year period", Agricultural land use output shortage phenomenon has decreased significantly in Pengshui county.Through the Tobit regression analysis to the influence factors of the efficiency of farmland utilization of Pengshui county, we can find:the following six factors impact on the efficiency of farmland utilization is the most significant, including per capita cultivated area, covered agricultural mechanical power per unit area, the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer applied in unit area, per capita net income of farmers, Chongqing’s per capita GDP, the proportion of secondary industry and tertiary industry of Pengshui county. Pengshui’s per capita GDP, the proportion of secondary industry and tertiary industry of Pengshui county and per capita net income of farmers have a positive impact, Used in agricultural machinery power per unit area and the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer applied in unit area effect is negative. The influence of authors of effective evaluation and the multiple cropping index of Pengshui county land use efficiency is more significant. Authors of effective evaluation is a negative impact, the multiple cropping index is a positive influence.According to the related research,to improve the efficiency of farmland utilization in Pengshui county, there are three suggestions:strengthening the technical guidance for farmers improving the agricultural conditions and the regional industrial structure strengthening industrial "feedback" supporting the development of characteristic agriculture, in order to increase farmers’income.