A Study On Evaluation And Optimization Of Tourism Participation Behavior System Of Minority Community

The minority concentrated region in China is also the intensive contiguous areas, ecologically fragile areas and ecological functional areas, playing a significant role in the process of modernization. The sustainable development of the minority concentrated region is an important brace to China’s sustainable development. Since1990s, by virtue of the rich tourism resources, excellent ecological environment and traditional ethnic customs, the minority concentrated region has made a good profit in tourism economy, effectively promoting local economic development and social progress. National tourism community is not only the owner of local tourism resources, but also integral to the tourism attraction, so their participation in the tourism development is particularly important. However, in the course of tourism development in this region, due to deficiencies in terms of financial, human resources, infrastructure, management level, the development of ideas and awareness, coupled with the "acquired deformity" caused by the neglect of community interest demands, the collision between the ethnic communities and other stake holders has become increasingly prominent. Meantime, the loss of community interest and the unfairness of profit distribution within the community made the residents became more hostile to the local tourism industry, even turned into rebellious behavior.The approaches participating in local tourism development for ethnic community are various. There are many factors affecting the interests and the efficiency involved in the process. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the current situation of ethnic communities to participate in tourism contribute to further understanding of problems happened in ethnic communities’ participation in tourism and provide scientific path to optimize tourism participation behavior.The study taking Zhaoxing Dong village of Guizhou province as a case, basing on the systematic scientific theory, to construct the system of the ethnic communities’ participation in tourism containing seven sub-systems:the decisions participation, tour operators participation, income distribution participation, tourism resources and environmental protection participation, tourism training participation, cultural dissemination participation, supervision participation and so on. Choosing 28 indexes to evaluate the system situation; using entropy change model theory to make the quantitative evaluation about the status quo. Based on this, using game theory as the theoretical tools, to analysis the reasons for the poor efficiency of the system of the ethnic communities’ participation in tourism, and the root lay behind the plight of the ethnic community tourism participation. The optimization strategy is proposed from the perspective of new institutional economics. The research findings come as follows:(1)The overall feature in the ethnic communities involved in tourism behavior of the system in Zhaoxing Dong village can be summarized as follows:small, few, shallow, poor. That accounted for small number of participants, few benefits acquired by the community, shallow level of the participation content, poor participation efficiency.(2) The system performs better as to the understanding degree of decision-making in terms of tourism, the contribution to community infrastructure and public service made by tourism income, the disseminate of ethnic cultural than the decision-making involved in tourism and business participation; the participation in supervision of tourism development, social supervision is obviously insufficient.(3) To optimize the system, the top-level design of the system control theory is needed. Viewing the system as the heter-organization, we can design an institutional framework to coordinate the relationship between government, developers and community. The framework around three aspects: the benefit-acquired, benefit security, benefit circulation mechanism. The goal is not only to meet the economic purpose, but also emphasizes the sustainable use of tourism resources and the environment.(4)To optimize the system, the system dynamics theory is also needed. Viewing the system as a self-organizing system, we can design a Pareto improvement of the system to coordinate the relationship between the members within the community and the relationship between the community development and local resources and environment. The concrete strategy including equitable participation and adequate protection, assistance mechanisms, to internalize external mechanism, voucher incentive mechanism based on the contribution rate of labor.