Studies On The Black Tea Control Distribution Of Anhui And Jiangxi Provinces

The black tea of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces include Keemum black tea, Ningzhou black tea, He black tea. Among them, Ningzhou black tea’s producing area mainly lied in Xiushui county、Wuning county and so on in Jiangxi province. Ningzhou black tea which began in the Qing dynasty was well known in the world at the end of the Qing dynasty. He black tea is a generic terms of Yanshan county、 Shangrao county and so on in Jiangxi province, but it has been disappeared in the world since the modern times. Keemum black tea’s producing area mainly located in Qimen county, Dongzhi county, Guichi county, Shitai county, Yi county in Anhui province and the Fuliang county area in Jiangxi province. The black tea which is planted and produced in these areas is high quality and it is a boutique in Chinese tea, meanwhile it also has been called" the king of the black tea". Keemum black tea began in the first year of Guangxu (1875). The reponse was excellent when it was first put into the international market and it occupied an important position in China’s export of tea. Because of its perfect quality, it came first on the list no matter in the domestic black tea market, or compared with the rising tea producing countries such as India, Ceylon Japan and other countries.Since the modern times, Chinese tea commercial trade was declining day by day, Keemum black tea and Ningzhou black tea also could not escape its endangered fate. In addition, the black tea’s production of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces followed the beaten track which leads to the increasing cost. The export sales of Keemum black tea and Ningzhou black tea were taking a hard time. This situation is mainly caused by two reasons:on the one hand, after the 1870s, India、Ceylon、the Dutch East India and so on started to trial-produce the black tea and then put them into the international market in quantity, so the black tea of Anhui and Jiangxi province’s international sales environment was not optimistic. On the other hand, the production、manufacture、 transportation and sale and so on about the black tea of Anhui and Jiangxi province were following the beaten track, so the black tea was restricted everywhere and it was difficult to obtain long-term development.Since the Republic of China, the government administration paied a lot attention to improve the Keemum black tea’s industry. The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce put its hand to create the Anhui province model tea factory in 1914; It was renamed the Anhui provincial tea improvement station in November 1932; The National Economic Council、the ministry of industry and the government of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces started to restructure and made it joint, and named it Keemun tea improvement station. Pointed to study the production of the black tea. It must be noted that the tea improvement station focused on the technical aspect, at the same time, the station’s work that was mainly focused on how to restore the old tea garden and open the new tea garden also very effective. However, its scope of implementation was limited and failed to involve in many respects. Such as the Keemum black tea has always failed to get rid of the old system, sales of the black tea still exploited by tea stack and foreign traders.The local government of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces became aware of the increasing decline of the tea industry has already seriously affected the economic life of farmers. In order to prosper the econumy of countryside and look for a new way of the development of the black tea, The local government of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces initiated and set up the Black Tea Transportation and Sales Committee of Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. The purpose of the association is to get rid of the foreign firm’s manipulation and bringing benefits to the people. This marketing organization which was sponsored by the local government was aimed at getting back the rights that has long been dominated by the tea inn and foreign firm.The Black Tea Transportation and Sales committee of Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces’s establishment was not an easy thing, because the tea inn and foreign traders would start to rebel. Under the action of interests, the tea inn and foreign traders eventually came to a comprise an the end. The local governments、farmers and businessmen、the tea inns and foreign traders、the central government have played different roles in this event. In addition, The black tea’s production, system, transport, sales have also been clearly established by the black tea transportation and sales committee. This paper focus on the analysis of what local governments of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces have done to the black tea, and try to evaluate the black tea control marketing. It has been proved that the committee which was initiated by the central government’s support, established by the local government and businessmen who took active participation in, has not actively mobilize the farmers up and the tea farmers also did not get the real benefit from it. Thus it can be seen, the black tea of Anhui and Jiangxi provinces’ control marketing have not achieve its desired effect, the modernization of China’s tea industry also needs a very long time to make it come true.