Comparative Analysis On Farmers Management Behaviors Under Different Land Systems In Reclamation And Agricultural Areas

Nowadays, China’s grain production faces the present situation of the shortage of arable land reserve resources, per capita arable land is less and the quality is not high, and decreases in year after year. The relationship between food supply and demand is in the long-term tight state of equilibrium. For many years, the central one file noted all point that to ensure the issue of food security is a top priority, with a very important strategic significance. The farmer is the most basic microcosmic economic organization in the agricultural production, the farmer is not only the agricultural resources, but also the user. Agricultural production characteristics reflect the use of agricultural resources and the form of configuration. It is just the difference of production characteristics leads to the difference of economic benefit. It also influences the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, the reform of rural system and the development of agricultural economy.The influence of land system to agricultural production activity is essentially through the behavior stimulation and restriction of the labor force. Because of the rapid development of rural economy, the way of small scale management is moving towards disintegration, the traditional small-scale agriculture is gradually transformed into modern agriculture. The CPC Central Committee and State Council stressed that to speed up the construction of the "family" for the new system of agricultural operation unit, adhere to the land system of household contract responsibility system as the premise unchanged. The reclamation of Heilongjiang Province learns the experience of China’s vast agricultural areas of the household contract responsibility system, has formed the operating system based on workers family-run management. In the face of the current two land systems: one is the household contract responsibility system of collective ownership of land; the other is the system of reclamation area state-owned land contracting in Heilongjiang reclamation area, Xinjiang production and construction corps and Hainan.Heilongjiang Fujin City, located in the Sanjiang plain hinterland, with flat terrain, open area, developed agriculture, is our country’s important commodity grain base. The area of common agricultural and state farm(reclamation) is quite close in Fujin. In this paper, taking Heilongjiang Fujin City as the study area, combining with the analysis of the elements of economics and thebehavior of Sociology, Analysis of reclamation area and rural cultivated land allocation situation, farmer management behaviors and agricultural business benefits.in the land system background.The main contents and conclusions are as follows(1)Because of the different land system, the reclamation of arable land is for countries, farm has the right to use, farmers paid an annual contract from the farm land, and agricultural production is under the the uniform requirements and guidance of farm; Arable farming areas are owned collectively, farmers have the right to land contractual management, and free long-term contract land from the collective, and in accordance with their wishes for agricultural production.(2)Per household scale of arable land is 6.98 hm2, obviously higher than that in the agricultural area(3.64 hm2).,and reclamation area is mainly in paddy planting, which is 60% of the total acreage, agricultural area is mainly in rainfed crops, which is 87% of the total acreage.(3)Reclamation area and farm household capital allocation mainly reflects the input material. In the direct material input, the average cost of fertilizer in the reclamation area are 1753.75 Yuan/hm2,, the pesticide charge are 787.65 Yuan/hm2, the machinery operating expenses are 4132.50 Yuan/hm2,,which are significantly higher than that of farm household in rural areas. Investments in farmers seed cost per mu are 615.00 Yuan/hm2,, which are significantly higher than that of the reclamation area. In the indirect material cost, investments in depreciation of fixed assets of farm household per mu are 1355.40 Yuan/hm2,, the purchase of farm implements and maintenance cost are 496.20 Yuan/hm2,, which are significantly higher than that of the reclamation area. The proportion of rural areas’ depreciation of fixed assets, the purchase of farm implements and maintenance cost is 17.04% and 6.24%,far higher than that in the reclamation area which is 1.59% and 0.61%.(4)The analysis of reclamation and agricultural regions mainly include the spatial behavior of labor force, labor allocation and labor investment behavior. Through buffer analysis concluded that reclamation farming radius are 800 m, tillage farming area is with a radius of 1100 m. In terms of the labor allocation behavior, in the same agricultural production time, reclamation and rural household labor force allocation behavior exists obvious differences, agricultural production of farmers in the reclamation area behaviors in the dominant, but the concurrent industry behavior and agricultural production behavior coexists in the eyes of farmers in rural areas.The average employee cost for reclamation households are 36216.00 Yuan/hm2, far higher than the cost for rural areas farmers which are 2947.5 Yuan/hm2.Due to the existence of the phenomenon of “work helpers” in rural areas, it makes the labor discount of rural areas was significantly higher than that of the reclamation areas. Farmers in rural areas are free of contracted land, but farmers in reclamation households need to pay land contract fees to the farm. The average total cost of reclamation areas are 15635.85 Yuan/hm2, far higher than that of rural areas which are 7955.10 Yuan/hm2, from the total cost of agricultural production of farmers, The resulting gap of the average total cost is more pronounced, the cost of farmers in reclamation area are up to 109100.00 Yuan/hm2, is nearly 4 times than that of the farmers in rural areas(29000.00 Yuan)(5)The grain output and agricultural net income for reclamation households are 22110.00 Yuan/hm2 and 6474.15 Yuan/hm2, respectively, both higher than those in the agricultural region(12950.40 Yuan/hm2,4995.30 Yuan/hm2), and the agricultural subsidy standard is similar. In terms of per household level, the grain output, agricultural net income and agricultural subsidy in the reclamation region are154300 Yuan,45200 Yuan and 7500 Yuan, higher than those in the agricultural region(47100 Yuan, 18100 Yuan and 3700 Yuan). But counting 33100 Yuan of the multiple job-holding’s income, the average household income is 54900 Yuan for agricultural area farmers, slightly higher than that in the reclamation region(52700 Yuan/household).