Non-governmental Trade Of Sino-Japan Under The Perspective Of Multilateral Relations:1949-1972

Abstract:Non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan has a long history.In this paper, the" Non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan "refers to both China and Japan have the requirements and conditions of foreign trade by the way of non-governmental economic and trade activities, under the case that absence of diplomatic relations between the two countries after the founding of New China. In this period,the trade process of the history of the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japanese was complicated, it was characterized by the brand of the cold war when started from birth. In this historical process,the political and economic factors of the United States and the Soviet Union, Japan and Taiwan had impacts on the development of the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan. This article discusses the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan which influenced by multilateral relations in three aspects:the history background, development course, finally thoughts. At the same time the paper interprets the internal impetus of the development of the non-governmental trade using the related principle of international economics.New China which one-sided to the Sue Union and Japan which followed the United States foreign policy, belonged to two opposing camps. No political exchanged, and the national diplomatic relations was impossible. Export-oriented economy of Japan needed to open Chinese market in urgent, but on political action, it joined the US-led western camp, and took curb attitude toward China. China which was curbed by the US-led western countries needed to break the predicament by trade with Japan, the trade was imported advanced western science and technology to promote the development of national modernization. For the need of national interest, the two countries tried to close to each other in private ways, and at the same time had to subject to the influence of the pattern of international and domestic environment. The hostility of United States and Taiwan to the People’s Republic of China likes the Sword of Damocles, which will cut off the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan channels at any time. So the man-made political and economic separation was full of the development process of non-governmental trade.The Japan whose foreign policy was followed US had a very contradictory diplomatic situation, if it fully listened to the United States and adopted a strict and forbidden export embargo policy toward China, the result was the increased reliance on markets of United States and western countries, meanwhile the economic autonomy of Japan would be weakened, and would result in a change of government, such as the collapse of the cabinet of Nobusuke Kishi.Therefore Japan followed the method of England and France, took "exception program"toward China, quietly expanded the volume of the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan. China got rid of the influence of the Soviet Union development model earlier, especially the Soviet Union pulled all the aid out of China in 1960 and the relationship between China and Soviet became rupture in 1965. As a valuable channel of gained foreign advanced technology and materials, non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan was particularly important. Domestic far-left policies and other reasons caused the non-governmental of Sino-Japan trade became ups and downs, such as non-governmental trade nearly cut off from 1958 to 1960, and changed radically from 1970 to 1972.From 1970 to 1972, the political earthquake occurred in East Asia, Kissinger and Nixon visited China successively. The Overtop Diplomacy liked a "political" nuclear bombed in Japan, the cabinet of Satothe fell rapidly. The replaced Tanaka cabinet immediately visited China, promoted the relation of Sino-Japan closely, and the development of the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan had given rise to spring. From 1971 to 1972, the volume of the non-governmental trade of Sino-Japan was increased hugely which is the best illustration.As a whole, the present pattern of Sino-Japan relationship is cold politics and hot economic, and politics become mistrust reciprocally, but the economy exchange is frequent. In 2012, the question of Diaoyu islands became sharp which made Sino-Japan relationship fall into frozen point, the pattern of the cold politics and hot economic developed toward the trend of both cold in politics and economic. The research of the non-governmental trade of Sin-Japan from 1949 to 1972 via multilateral perspective will help us to better think about the present situation of relationship between China and Japan.