Comparative Study Of National Innovation Efficiency Based On Innovation Process

With the coming of economic globalization and knowledge economy, innovation has been an inexhaustible driving force of sustainable development of national economy and how to improve the national innovation capacity has become the focus of current research. National innovation efficiency measures a country’s innovation capacity from the point of efficiency and more and more scholars have paid attention to this research in recent years. In this paper, we select national innovation input and output data of28countries in2006-2010to study the national innovation efficiency and its influencing factors.First, we divide national innovation process into two stages, technology research and development stage and innovation outputs stage, and then establish two-stage associated network DEA model based on variable returns to scale to calculate the innovation efficiency of the two sub-stages and the whole innovation process. Secondly, we take the estimated innovation efficiency as dependent variable and take14indicators of national economy, information and communication infrastructure, national education, national R&D and application capabilities, technology absorption capacity and national innovation environment these6aspects as independent variables to establish stepwise regression model to study the influencing factors of innovation efficiency. Finally, we expand the two-stage innovation process into three stages, technology research and development stage, innovation outputs stage and marketization of innovation outputs. Then we establish a three-stage associated network DEA model to calculate the innovation efficiency of the three sub-stages and the whole innovation process.The results show that innovation efficiency various from different countries. Output efficiency of developed and developing countries are equivalent, but developed countries’R&D efficiency and marketization efficiency are higher than developing countries. Countries like United States and Germany have great advantages in R&D stage and marketization stage; Countries like Switzerland and Netherlands have strong ability in R&D, but have low output efficiency because of the limitation of their own economic scale; China, South Africa and other emerging developing countries focus on the commercialization of scientific achievements, but their marketization efficiency is slightly lower than their commercialization efficiency and their basic R&D capability is extremely weak. In addition, many factors, like GDP, ICT infrastructure, national education, technology absorption capacity, intellectual property protection and national entrepreneurship level, all have a significant impact on the innovation efficiency of R&D stage, innovation outputs stage or the whole innovation process.We put the knowledge-intensive service industry into our calculatation system of national innovation efficiency, and we expand national innovation process into three stages. These two are the biggest innovation of this thesis and it provides a certain reference for opening the "black box" of national innovation.