| Spatial distribution of star-hotels is one the main index to measure situation of hotel industry in a country or area. It is also one of the factors of measuring the level of tourism development. Star-hotels represents the level of hotel industry of a regions or cities. Therefore, spatial distribution of star-hotels legitimately is very important to hotel industry and development of economy.This article Choose Nanjing as the case. It sorts out history of star-hotels in Nanjing. Firstly, from the time perspective, this paper analyzes evolution feature of size, grade, benefit about star-hotels. Secondly, from the space perspective, the basic characteristics about scale, hierarchical structures, economic benefits, space layout of star-hotels are explored. And with the help of Arcgis software, it focuses on the spatial distribution of star-rated hotels in Nanjing. Finally, the article discusses the main factors of distribution of star-rated hotels in Nanjing, further it puts forward some countermeasures for the spatial structure optimization. Thesis research conclusion is as follows.Firstly, from2003to2012, nearly10years, Nanjing hotel basic characteristic rule:(1) On the scale of quantity, total amount of hotels first increased, and then reduced, it reached the maximum in2007, a total of143. Five-star and four-star hotels, the number remained stable growth; Three-star hotel number increased, after decreased, for a maximum of65in2009; Two-star hotel number is roughly showed a trend of decrease.(2) Hierarchy, three-star and four-star, five-star hotels share the growth status, two-star hotel proportion was significantly decreased. The pyramid hierarchy of star-rated hotels has converted into fusiform structure which is not reasonable. But because of the economy hotels making up for the cheap hotel market vacancies, Nanjing hotels grade appears a reasonable structure of the pyramid.(3) On efficiency characteristic, from2007to2012, average hotel occupancy rate fluctuated largely. Due to the financial crisis, it reduced to a minimum61.52%in2009. After2009, the hotel growth trend is consistent, four-star hotel occupancy was in the highest, two-star hotel occupancy rate was lowest. Average house price was in a slow growth trend, the volatile is less, ranging from300to400yuan. Secondly, the basic features of Nanjing hotel:(1) Size feature. Nanjing has a total of115star-rated hotels as of January2013., Xuanwu, Baixia are the largest number regions of hotels and rooms. The number of hotels and rooms accounted for60.87%and65.51%respectively. Area which has the biggest density is the Gulou area, followed by Baixia, Xuanwu area.(2) Hierarchical structure characteristics. Nanjing possesses115star-rated hotels, five-star18, four-star22, three-star58, two-star17, the proportion is15.65%,19.13%,50.43%and19.13%respectively, hierarchy assumes the fusiform.(3) Economic characteristics. In2012, the average hotel occupancy rate of Nanjing is66.33%, four-star hotels occupancy rate is highest, five-star hotels take second place, two-star hotels is lowest. Average price of Nanjing hotels is395.28yuan in2012. And the higher level, the higher prices.(4) Spatial characteristics. Nanjing hotel geographic concentration index is38.86, it shows that distribution of star-rated hotels is concentrated. The five-star, four-star, three star, two-star hotel geographic concentration index were55.56,50.21,35.75,50.21, distribution of five-star hotels is the most concentrated, distribution of three-star hotels is more dispersed. Gini coefficient of Nanjing hotels was0.835, evenness is0.165. It shows the distribution of star-rated hotels is unbalanced, distribution uniformity is very low. According to the picture of space distribution of Nanjing hotel, it is of the agglomeration in urban area and of the scatter in suburban district.Thirdly, the space distribution features of star-rated hotels in downtown Nanjing:(1) Within50meters on both sides of roads, star-rated hotels are concentrated. Then, as the distance increases, the number of star-rated hotels begins to induce. The number of star-rated hotels near the transportation hub such as the railway station, bus station, dock is less, accumulation effect is weak.(2) The higher grade of business districts, the more the number of star-rated hotels in area and surrounding. Downtown area is the most concentrated area of star-rated hotels. Distance within300meters, business location factor effect abates, number of star-rated hotels gradually reduce. When distance exceeds300meters, the commercial location factors more weaker, but other factors gradually highlights, various factors work together, the hotel number and show the tendency of increase.(3) The main dominant factors, such as traffic, commercial area of hotel agglomeration effect is not obvious, In suburban district where traffic and commercial influence is weaker, the scenic spot is the main factors to attract hotel layout, In addition, the number of star-rated hotels has little to do with grades of the scenic area, but has close relationship with the location and characteristics of scenic spot resources.(4) In downtown, hotels focus on high land price area in Nanjing. And star-hotel level and price level are consistent, the higher the level of the hotel, the more the capability of distribution in the high land price.(5) Star-hotels level is higher, the requirements of the traffic condition, business location, and price level are higher. Hotels are more tend to locate in the trunk roads, high-grade commercial districts, high land price distribution areas.Fourthly, the main factors include transportation, commercial location, tourism scenic area, land prices, urban planning, agglomeration effect. Various factors work together to form the space structure of Nanjing hotel. The countermeasures of space structure optimization include:the government should strengthen the market research, setting the reasonable policy about layout of hotel; strengthening macro regulation and control, balancing regional development; perfecting transportation network, enhancing accessibility; distributing the hotels surrounding the scenic spot; improving the competitiveness of the hotel itself. |
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