The Research Of Spatio-temporal Evolution Of Agricultural Specialization

Agricultural specialization has attracted much attention of scholars and government policy makers in the development of China’s agricultural modernization, as one of the main developing directions of many rural areas in the word. A large number of studies have shown that the research of agricultural specialization is weak. They pay little attention to the less developed areas, ignore the agriculture specialization in microscale and rarely involve the research of agriculture specialization from the specialized village, much less the research of vegetable-specialized villages. However, specialized villages represent the agricultural production specialization in microscale as one of the spatial carriers of agricultural specialization. And we can find out its interior rule from the perspective of specialized village. Therefore this paper chooses Zhoukou in Henan province which belongs to the plain of less developed areas as the research object, studies the development and characteristics of specialized production of vegetable using the spatial analysis of GIS, discusses its influence and efficiency using the SPSS regression analysis, correlation analysis and spatial analysis of GIS. And we got three conclusions after the research.Firstly, vegetable specialization has been improved constantly and the process has been speeded up, while it is still at an early stage of development.In terms of quantity and structure, the total number of specialized villages is larger year by year and the growth is accelerated, the development of vegetable-specialized villages in different counties has different characteristics. In terms of geographical distribution, the conclusion of Kernel density shows that the spatial agglomeration degree of vegetable planting in Zhoukou becomes deeper year by year and represents the evolvement rule of continuous space expansion from two cores to three cores then to many more cores which expand to the southwest from northwest, and the change affected mainly by administrative relationship is obvious in some areas while is totally similar in different years. In terms of planting scale, the change trend that planning scale becomes bigger is evident while most of the scale is small still, so vegetable specialization is still in primary stage. The planting scale expands gradually as a whole, while decreases in some areas, the bigger ones are in the west, while the smaller ones are in the east, and the new ones are mainly small.Secondly, the development of vegetable specialization is affected by lots of factors, and each of them plays different roles.In terms of village, labor forth, people with scientific technique and total agricultural output value have a significant impact on vegetable specialization by the analysis of stepwise regression. The rich labor increases the possibilities of various kinds of production activities that labor can choose, having a negative effect on vegetable specialization, while people with scientific technique can improve vegetable specialization because of their technical superiority and demonstration effect, and the high total agricultural output value can promote vegetable specialization, as it represents that the village has big agricultural production scale and mature condition of agricultural production. In terms of location, good transport contributes to the production of vegetable specialization which tends to be in the areas of good transport and the closer they are to arterial traffic, the more specialized villages there are and the bigger scale they are. And the town is the ideal location for specialized villages in spite of the urbanization tends to be slowly recently. In terms of market, the conclusion of SPSS correlation analysis and regression analysis represent that vegetable wholesale markets and agricultural cooperatives have a positive effect on vegetable specialization and agricultural cooperatives have a greater impact because their service objects are mainly native villagers. The technology also has an obvious effect. It can be used in planting to increase the vegetable product, to improve the quantity and plant efficiency, to decrease the cost. And in the field of sale, it can be used in machine, storage, transport and so on to improve the production. And affections of policies which include financial support, expert guidance, technical training and so on are lasting and comprehensive.Thirdly, we can give the following suggestions after the research.In terms of production, popularize the technology of vegetable planting; develop brand-name and high-quality vegetable products, and support economic cooperation organization such as agricultural cooperatives, vegetable plantations and the large vegetable grower. In terms of market, develop wholesale market of vegetable specialization, improve the corresponding facilities, perfect the marketing system, cultivate vegetable processing enterprises and stretch the value chain to improve farmers’ income and the employment of the rural surplus labor. In terms of agricultural service system, improve agricultural infrastructure, strengthen the support on policy and finance, develop technical training and education for farmers to improve their technical ability and foster the new farmer.