Study On Rural Settlement Area Suitability Evaluation And Adjustment Pattern Of The Layout Based On Niche Fitness

Rural residential is the main form of land using in China country, its reasonable planning is significant to improve the production and living standard, promote rural social and economic development and raise the level of economical and intensive use of rural land. At present, most of the rural settlement distribution is chaos and disorder, rural land use is inefficient, caused a lot of waste of precious land resources. In order to promote the harmonious and healthy development of rural, solve the problem of urban and rural land use balance and build a new countryside style, it is necessary to regulate, transform and plan the layout of rural residential areas scientifically.Based on Yizheng city as an example, this paper studies the present situation of the rural residential areas distribution and explore it in detail, and analysis the characteristics and existing problems of rural settlement distribution. Take the villages and towns as evaluation unit, the rural settlements suitability evaluation index system is built from three aspect, ecological environment, production condition and living condition. Using comprehensive right verification, which is made up of AHP and entropy weight method, to determine index weight, introducing ecological niche suitability model to calculate the ecological niche suitability of regional rural residential areas. At last, establish land adjustment pattern plan according to the evaluation results and regional urban and rural planning. In this paper, the results show that:(1)The scales of rural residential land of Yizheng city are different, which generally tend to be small and scattered distribution, and regional land use is quite inefficiency. Per capita building area of Yizheng city is large, land use is extensive, the law that village distribute along the road is relatively obvious, and a large proportion of rural residential land is built near the field.The village internal layout is messy, and poor infrastructure, imperfection supporting facilities and lacks of village entertainment venues cannot meet the farmers’ pursuit of high quality life.(2)Rural residential land suitability evaluation results of Yizheng are divided into four categories, Zhenzhou town’s suitability is the best,which belongs to layout priority area. Shierxu, Xincheng town,Xinji town and Dayi town have good suitability, which belong to appropriate layout area. Liuji town, Maji town, Qingshan town, Yuetang town and Zaolinwan have general suitability, which belong to suitable layout area. Xieji town and Chenji town’s suitability are the worst, which belong to inappropriate layout area.(2)Basing on the results of ecological niche suitability evaluation of rural residential areas and combining with the distribution characteristics and regional development status of Yizheng city, the rural residential land readjustment pattern of Yizheng city can be divided into 5 types:urban-rural development model, dismantle the old rural settlement model, dispersion model which based on the principle of adjusting measures to local condition, construction center villages and combining natural villages, rural residential internal reform.