The Welfare Effect And Balance Strategy For Natives And Enthetic Tenants In The Reconstruction Of Urban Village

It is of importance to optimize the urban spatial structure and management pattern, to improve the efficiency of urban space utilization, to enhance driving ability of the city to promote the economy of village and capacity of accommodating to the influx of migrant villagers, which will ultimately form a pluralistic and open modern urban culture. These are the essential requirements of the new-type urbanization as well. Urban village, one of the main physical areas of new-type urbanization, acts as the “transfer station” that not only links the city with village, but also connects the natives with the enthetic tenants. Currently, the reconstruction of urban village is being carried out with high enthusiasm among local governments. Compensation policy is concerned to the vested interests during the reconstruction, as it directly affects their future life and development. Although the economic income and living standards improves greatly after the reconstruction in the eastern developed regions in China, the conflicts and contradictions still frequently occur. It is indicates that the obstacles cannot decrease with the increasing monetary compensation. Meanwhile,the enthetic tenants are always marginalized and cannot enjoy any substantial compensation. The aim of reconstruction, however, should improve the quality life and welfare of residents. Only the compensation group and compensation content arrives the equilibrium, the resistance from natives and enthetic tenants can be eliminated, the process of urbanization can be accelerated, and the life of urban civilization can be truly achieved.This paper references the western research method of welfare measurement and evaluation, mainly including the feasibility theory of Amartya sen. Based on such theory, the search establishes functional activity indicators, including economic conditions, living conditions, development opportunities, social security, living environment and psychological status, which can measure and evaluate the welfare variations of natives and enthetic tenants affected by the urban village reconstruction.The transformation factors targeted to the natives and enthetic tenants are built as well.In addition, four typical urban villages distributed in four cities in Zhejiang province are investigated, involving Hangzhou, Jinhua, Taizhou and Quzhou. The fuzzy mathematics method is employed to analyze the collected data, which can deeplyanalyze the relevant problems existing in the relationship of compensation content and compensation group. The results are shown as follows:(1)The total welfare index of natives improves dramatically after urban village reconstruction, although the value is less than 0.5, indicating that the welfare index is expected to enhance in the future. Specifically, the value of index of material welfare(economic conditions, living conditions and living environment) is greater than 0.5,while the non-material welfare index(development opportunities and psychological status) is less than 0.5. Such results are consistent to the empirical investigation,which shows that the most natives make a living by renting out their unused houses rather than participating in labor market after reconstruction. Some of them even adopt the lifestyle of luxury consumption or excessive consumption leading to poverty.It concludes that the level of the material welfare of natives is relevant high, but the immaterial welfare of natives is urgent to improve.(2)The total value of welfare index of enthetic tenants is relevant stable after urban village reconstruction. To specific, except from the value of living conditions index improving, all other functional activity indexes decline in a similar way in both direction and range in the four investigated districts. Although the enthetic tenants do not loss their house and land, their life is obviously affected by the reconstruction according to the research results. Furthermore, the natives and the enthetic tenants are dependent on each other, reflecting a mutual benefit relationship. If the enthetic tenants are forced to leave from the urban village when feeling the decline of welfare,the natives will inevitably be influenced by such mobility. Therefore, the enthetic tenants should be included in the compensation group and given appropriate welfare compensation.(3)Amartya sen’s capability theory shows that individual and environmental factors will affect how resources transform to the welfare. This paper selects the percentage of the dependent population in a family, years of education, and the village collective economic income as the conversion factors for the natives, while the factors,such as, age and years of education are chosen for enthetic tenants. After the statistical analysis, the results demonstrate that all the conversion factors for these two groups arrive statistically significant. Thus, the relevant institutions and the governments can implement distinct welfare compensation measurements according to different groups(natives and enthetic tenants) so as to reduce the welfare gap.To sum up, this research puts forward five adjustment strategies of welfarecompensation during the process of urban village reconstruction, which are listed as follows:(1) expanding the dimensions of the welfare benefit, and increasing the proportion of immaterial welfare compensation.(2) Altering the dominant economic income by renting out houses and establishing the system of employment and entrepreneurship.(3) Change the values of the natives and enhancing their urban identity.(4)Incorporating the enthetic tenants as the compensation group and establishing relevant service platforms.(5) Emphasizing the subsequent community-based management, and creating a harmonious community atmosphere.