The Study On Symbiosis Process Of Hub-based Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

As an effective way to drive innovation and promote economic development, entrepreneurship has received extensive attention of scholars and practices, the research on entrepreneurship emerge in endlessly. Government has constantly introduced new policies to promote and support the creation and development of new ventures. But entrepreneurship is high risk, the success rate of entrepreneurship can’t only rely on policy support. In order to effectively support entrepreneurship, how to build and develop a thorough ecosystem to provide the entrepreneurial opportunities, entrepreneurial resources and entrepreneurial talents for new ventures, becoming a concerned topic both theoretical and practical level at present stage.Not only government, based on its own advantages and resources, hub firm can also be the constructor of entrepreneurship ecosystem through joint with various entities to construct an entrepreneurship promoting ecosystem. The construction and development of this kind of ecosystem is a process of the hub firm continuously symbiosis with various subjects.Based on reviewing the theories of entrepreneurial ecosystem and symbiosis, this article theoretically analyzes the main subjects and structure of hub-based entrepreneurial ecosystem as well as builds a primary symbiotic process model. Then on the basis of the theoretical analysis, this article adopts single longitudinal embedded case study method, taking alibaba ecosystem symbiotic process as main research object, collects case data through existing books、 published literature、news etc. related to alibaba. In order to systematically study the symbiotic process of the hub-based ecosystem, combining grounded theoryand content analysis methods to code the symbiotic process of different kinds of ecosystem subjects in alibaba. This article mainly analyzes the similarities and differences of the hub firm’s symbiotic process with different entities, and the dynamic symbiotic network changes during the hub-based entrepreneurial ecosystem development process.The research conclusions are as follows:1) The hub-based entrepreneurial ecosystem include the keystone(the Hub Firm), entrepreneurial enterprises, dominant big firms, government,research institutions, financial institutions and the professional services institutions. The hub firm building and developing the ecosystem mainly through symbiosis with all kinds of entities. The main factors driving hub firm to symbiosis with all kinds of entities mainly come from environmental changes and its own needs. Hub firm mainly symbiosis with all kinds of entities due to the demand for resources and opportunities,and driving factors to symbiosis with different types of entities are different. The symbiosis with entrepreneurial enterprises mostly depends on the demand for opportunities, partly of the complementary resources requirements. Symbiosis with dominant big companies is mostly for the demand of key complementary resources, partly of opportunities to develop the ecosystem. Symbiosis with government, financial institutions,research institutions and professional services institutions mainly depends on the demand for resources requirements.2) The symbiosis between hub firm and other entities is a dynamic change process, experiencing three different stages: symbiotic relationship identification、 formation and development. The development directions of symbiosis relationships with all entities are much closer.The symbiosis with entrepreneurial enterprises mainly towards the direction of integration, the symbiosis with dominant big companies and financial institutions is more and more complex, and the symbiosis withgovernment, research institutions, and professional services institutions is stabler and stabler.3)Along with the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the density of symbiotic network formed by hub companies and all kinds of symbiotic entities and the types of symbiosis entities and the complexity of symbiotic relationship are increasing. At different stages of the hub-based ecosystem development process, the keystone symbiosis with all entities are driven by different needs. At birth stage,the driving factor is the basic needs for survival; at expansion stage, is the ecosystem building resource needs; at authority stage, is the ecosystem improving resource needs; at renewal stage, is the ecosystem developing opportunity needs. With the development of hub-based entrepreneurial ecosystem, the entities’ kinds and numbers increased,so that the symbiosis network are bigger and bigger, results in the more complex symbiosis relationship.