| Pig industry which is the most important pillar of animal husbandry have a basic and universal influence to people’s daily life. Thanks to the supporting policies, the whole pig production in China has an absolute stability and continuous rise. But reference to the data in recent years, the cost-benefit ratio is at a low level in different patterns, China has the largest production in the world but it’s not strong. With feed and labor cost’s rising sharply, profit is narrowing.Under the severe situation, what people cares about is such as how to make full use of means of production and material resources in order to obtain the most competitive pig products, how to maximize utility of each investment, and how to relieve the pressure that come from cereals, labor and feed. Therefore, to understand the development of pig industry in China and to know the efficiency of pig production in different scale and different regions, this paper choose pig-breeding mode as the breakthrough point, depend on economic efficiency theory, cost-benefit theory and industry economic theory and use the method such as literature reviewing, comparative analyzing, and DEA, this paper has collected the basic situation of pig production in our country, compared the six areas’ cost level, cost structure, earnings of pig production in different scales, analyzed 21 provinces’pig production efficiency in different scales, then give the conclusion as follows:(1) Elements of pig production play an irreplaceable role in each other. Labor cost is high and feed cost is low in free-range while feed cost and piglets cost is high and labor cost is low in scale-range. Different combination forms in different areas because of the difference of resource, northeast area has a lot of food, the proportion of feed cost in northeast is highest in china, but the proportion of labor cost is lowest, it reflects that feed cost can replace labor cost while under some situation. Total cost level mainly depends on the ability to integrate inputs for different breeding subject, private cultivation is lack of the ability, so total cost is highest, losses are common.(2) Comprehensive technical efficiency level of pig production in our country is high, efficiency in different regions is almost consistent. Comprehensive efficiency of small-scale pig production is highest and free-range is lowest. Pure technical efficiency of large-scale is highest, the gap between free-range and scale-range increases. Compared with pure technical efficiency, scale effective units are fewer, the inefficiencies of comprehensive technical efficiency is mainly caused by the unavailability of scale, but efficiency disadvantages of free-range is not obvious.(3)TFP showed a slight increase from 08 to 13. Thanks to the contribution of technological progress, small-scale farming’s TFP growth fastest, only middle-scale contributes the growth to TE.(4)Nationally, high-quality inputs and the main producing areas have a significant positive impact on technical efficiency, the grain production and educational level of rural residents have negative impact on it. Compared with the large-scale, technical efficiency of retail breeding is significantly lower. High-quality inputs have positive effect on retail breeding but no effect on large-scale. Family income has positive effect on retail breeding but negative effect on large-scale. Township technicians and expenditure bring significant positive impact on large-scale farming but no effect on retail breeding. |
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