Research On The Path Of Landless Peasants’ Social Security In The Perspective Of Capabilities Theory

As China’s economy has entered the "new normal" period, the CPC’s (Communist Party of China) goal is not purely promoting the growth of economic aggregate and improving people’s overall consumption level on the basis of ensuring sustained and healthy economic development. How to make people share the reform fruit and have a sense of gain at present stage is the most important task of the CPC. Under the guidance of this general direction, this paper focuses on a special vulnerable group-landless peasants. At present, cash compensation is often the primary way to compensate the landless peasants, which can temporarily relieve the economic pressure of landless peasants after they lost living sources. However, it neglects the sustainable development of landless peasants after they lost land. Although corresponding social security programs have been built up for the landless peasants, according to the current situation, the social security is still on a lower level which can’t utterly solve the current problems. This condition also makes social problems induced by land requisition happen occasionally.Under the guidance of Marx’s "Theory of Human Being’s Comprehensive Development", this paper makes use of Amartya Sen’s Theory of Capability, who is a laureate of Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and combines empirical investigation of residents who live in Chadian town Binhai New Area, and finally finds that the reason why the landless peasants have no right to protect their own interests through prior consultation with government and developers is that their political participation is low during the policy-making process of land requisition. The Government would give peasants some financial compensation after the occurrence of land requisition, but the compensation is far less than the created economic value after the developer or government reuse the land, which causes the direct damage to the economic interests of the landless peasants. Long-standing urban-rural dual structure makes the landless peasants have less social opportunities than the urban residents, which becomes more severe after the land requisition, meanwhile, it seriously affecting the landless peasants’ living. Lack of transparency during the land requisition process is apt to cause social conflicts. The social security system with some faultiness makes the landless peasants easy to be stuck in the living dilemma after the land requisition. In order to make the landless peasants really enjoy the free and overall development and achieve equal and fair development opportunity under the conditions of the socialist market economy, this paper promote five ways to empower the landless peasants to cope with living crisis caused by losing lands. First is to increase the political participation of landless peasants; the second is to deepen the reform of land property rights system; the third is to provide them with more social opportunities in order to make them equally participate into social development; the fourth is to use the "Internet+" to guarantee transparency of government work and the fifth is to improve the social security system for landless peasants. The above five ways will make the landless peasants achieve the free and overall development during "the 13th Five Year Plan" period which is the decisive stage to build up a comprehensive well-off society.