| The global distribution of graphite mineral resources has the characteristics of broad and relatively concentrated. Graphite reserves in Brazil, China, India and Mexico are the most. The change of global graphite resources is dynamic. Graphite minerals are consumed each year while new graphite deposits are discovered. Graphite reserves is about 130 million tons of minerals in 2013. Brazil graphite reserves which increased to 58 million tons, ranking first in the world. A super large crystalline scale graphite ore- Chahanmuhulu graphite mine- makes up for the deficiency of our country big scale graphite resources. And it will rewrite the distribution pattern of the graphite mineral resources. China graphite industrial type is dominated by regional metamorphic graphite deposit accounted for 76.3% of the proven reserves. Contact metamorphic type graphite deposit is accounted for 22.7% of the proven reserves. Since 2001, Chinese crystalline graphite and cryptocrystalline graphite reserves decreased. 30.85 million tons crystalline graphite reserves in 2001 which can be developed dropped to 18.7 million tons in 2014. 11.37 million tons cryptocrystalline graphite reserves in 2001 which can be developed dropped to 5.32 million tons in 2014. Crystalline graphite in Heilongjiang Province and Shandong Province are the most. Cryptocrystalline graphite ore deposits are mainly distributed in Hunan province and Jilin province.In the past 30 years, China has been the world’s first annual output of graphite. China’s graphite production directly affects world’s. From 2005 to 2010 China’s graphite production steadily increased. 2010 graphite production is the highest, with an annual output of 1.8 million tons. But after 2010 graphite production is gradually declining. In 2014 it is only 1.17 million tons. Natural graphite prices from 2005 continues to rise. In 2009, affected by the global financial crisis, the prices declined within a short period of time. In 2010, the price rapidly rebounded. In 2011, the prices continued to rise to the peak date. Then the price has been falling until today. Now the price of the main graphite products is only 40% of the highest. China’s annual consumption is of 2/3, and another 1/3 is exported to Japan, the United States, South Korea and other developed countries. From the consumer perspective, graphite consumption in refractory material and steel industry has decreased in recent years, but still dominant. Lithium batteries and expanded graphite consumption continues to increase. The deep processing products, such as spherical graphite, flexible graphite, graphite electrode and nuclear graphite, will become the new direction of the market. The emerging field of application will gradually become the new point of the growth of graphite products in future market. A few years ago in the drive of good graphite price, government and enterprises investment enthusiasm caused a large number of low level mine redundant construction and serious overcapacity. At the weak economic environment in this two years, graphite industry existing problems have gradually exposed: such as graphite resources market order confusion, the imbalance between supply and demand; product of single and primary, deep processing technology level backward; graphite mining serious pollution to the environment. All these problems have a direct impact on the sustainable development of graphite industry in our country. |
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