| In recent years, there is a new situation on China’s agricultural development. On one hand, our government has introduced a series of new initiatives to support the development of farmers, countryside and agriculture, our agricultural development has made impressive achievements. On the other hand, the growing agricultural non-point source pollution has seriously restricted China’s agricultural resource base and product quality. For a long time, the agricultural development imbalance through whole country is getting serious, the traditional agricultural development pattern that increase agricultural input factors alone amount to achieve the economic growth target of agriculture is not sustainable. Therefore, in the strategic context of our construction of "resource economical " and "environment friendly" agriculture, it is even more urgent and meaningful to conduct a research on agricultural productivity efficiency, and to attempt to explore a model of sustainable agricultural economic growth.From a perspective of “ two-oriented agriculture ”, the author selected 2003-2012 China’s Provincial Agricultural panel data for the static analysis, dynamic analysis and the differences analysis of agricultural productivity efficiency by using model Malmquist-DEA. Also combined with Ward clustering, hypothesis test etc., for a scientific and comprehensive assessment of the level and fluctuation of China’s agricultural productivity efficiency, the implementation effect of "two-oriented agriculture" strategy. So as to enhance the productivity of agriculture, to transform the agricultural economic growth mode, and to provide a theoretical reference and feasible recommendations. When building evaluation system, this paper selects the gross agricultural product as single output indicator, and a total of eight input indicators. Including five routine indicators: the total power of agricultural machinery, the effective irrigation area, agricultural employees, rural electricity consumption, crop planting are. And the other three special key indicators: agricultural plastic film, agricultural chemical fertilizer, pesticide, which are closely related to the assessment of "two-oriented agriculture".The study shows that as of 2012, China’s agricultural technology efficiency is 0.924, an increase of 13.5% compared to 2003, the technology efficiency of central China soared to 0.862, an increase of up to 41.78%, but still below the eastern, western and the national average level over the same period. During the decade, there were 30 provinces achieved their progress in total factor productivity and technology change except Tibet. With their technology efficiency and Malmquist index both at the bottom of China, Gansu and Yunnan are the most noteworthy. 2003 to 2007 was a period of rapid growth of China’s agricultural technology efficiency, mainly driven by the rapid improvement of early scale efficiency, while pure technology efficiency did not change significantly during the period. 2007 to 2012,either pure technology efficiency or scale efficiency were both sluggish. With the implementation of "two-oriented agriculture" strategy, the rate of technology progress has significantly improved, while scale efficiency increased, both affect roughly offset each other. There were 9 provinces had elements redundant in 2012, including Shanxi, Anhui, Guizhou and Gansu etc., accounting for 29.03%.Based on the strategic objective of developing "two-oriented agriculture", combined with the research findings, offer the following recommendations:(1) improve the structure of agricultural elements input, and promote agricultural production in transition;(2) speed up the process of rural urbanization, transfer rural surplus labor force reasonably;(3) improve the level of intensive agricultural land use, develop appropriate agricultural scale industrial management;(4) promote the “two-oriented agriculture” science and technology innovation, build a pluralistic extension system of agricultural science and technology. |
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