The Landscape Characteristics And Rational Utilization Of Liuye Lake Wetland In Changde, Hunan

Wetland landscape resources, as one of the important eco-tourism resources, is playing an important role in tourism, esthetics, science research, education and one’s experience. It is the material basis and fundamental guarantee for promoting wetland tourism development and wetland park construction. Under the premise of maintaining the overall balance of the wetland ecosystem, the rational utilization of the wetland park landscape resources with scientific theory and method, determines the development process and the future direction of the contemporary ecological tourism. Therefore, it is the basic premise and important foundation for the efficient management and scientific protection and utilization of Wetland Park to analyze the landscape characteristics of Wetland Park and the scientific evaluation of wetland landscape resources.Taking Liuye national wetland park in Changde, Hunan as the study case, this paper used the theories of landscape ecology, wetland ecological restoration, landscape planning and design, recreation planning, landscape pattern, and the rational utilization theories of the wetland landscape resources domestic and abroad, as well as field investigation and research method. By using these methods, it got the landscape resources classification and landscape features of Liuye lake wetland park. Then the landscape features of the place were analyzed and the countermeasure of how to protect and utilize Liuye lake national wetland park landscape resources were discussed.The main results of the paper are as follows:(1) Comprehensively considering the spatial structure, ecological function, natural attribute, man’s disturbance factors, this research divided the landscape ecological types of different places in Liuye lake wetland into three landscape types according to China tourism classification system and the national standards of china wetland classification. The three landscape types are water wetland landscape resources of wetland park, wild animal and plant landscape resources, and cultural landscape resources. At the same time, five wetland types include permanent rivers, permanent freshwater lakes, marshes, ponds and paddy fields were gained.(2) Landscape pattern analysis method in landscape ecology was used to study landscape ecological process. The analysis of water wetland landscape pattern index showed wetland water landscape diversity index was 0.6697, landscape evenness index was 0.4161, landscape evenness index was 0.4161. Wetland water landscape diversity index and landscape evenness index are too low. This is probably due to wetland water type and the large difference of their proportion in the wetland. Permanent freshwater lake area accounts for 82% of the total area of wetlands, Wetland park owns large water surface area with the lake as the basic landscape.(3) Wild animals and plant landscape’s characteristics are:Liuye Lake National Wetland Park has 93 families,277 genera, and 412 species of vascular plant. The families of angiosperms are the more distributed, accounting for 49.36% of Hunan province, indicating high diversities of families. Angiosperm species accounts for only 9.22% because wetland plants are mainly herbaceous plants. The ration of Gymnospermous plants decreased significantly under wetland conditions. The number of species accounted for only 4.05% of the total species in Hunan Province, and they are mainly Chinese fir, Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliottii. forest vegetation category is low. While the wild animals landscape resources is extremely rich. Liuye lake wetland has recorded 51 species of fish, and 221 species of terrestrial vertebrates, including:amphibia 2 orders,7 families and 25 species, Reptilia 3 orders,9 families, 35, aves orders,17 families and 45 133 species, mammalian orders,6 families and 15 28 species. They form 4 types of wild animal communities with obvious characteristics, namely lake swim type, Euryale ferox lotus pond, swamp shoal and mountain shrub type wild animal community(4) Hierarchy analysis was used to evaluate quantitatively the wetland ecological system and get evaluation scores of 70.3. It indicates that this wetland park ecological system is very representative and typical. The wetland environment is good and the landscape here has high value.(5) This paper puts forward the strategy of rational use of wetland park landscape resource basing on fully analysis of wetland landscape features in this wetland park. And then proposed reasonable utilization of the overall layout and functional zoning. It divides the wetland park into 5 areas:conservation areas, restoration and reconstruction region, education exhibition area, reasonable utilization and service area for the management of the district. It puts forward the rational utilization and protection measures in the landscape resources classification and partition. The paper provides a theoretical reference for the rational utilization of the landscape resources of the National Wetland Park of the liuye lake.