A Three Not Doing And Both Benefiting":Condition And Implement Of The Moderate Democratic Reform

This paper attempts to study the background, process, content and effect of the "Three not doing and both benefiting" moderate democratic reform in Inner Mongolian pastoral area during the early days of founding the People’s Republic of China, and to analyze the characteristic, and determinants of the reform and the generality and particularity of the implementation of land reform in nomadic area. The study is based on the oral information and historical archives obtained during a field research conducted in the summer of 2015 interviewing 11 local people who has experienced the democratic reform in Xianghuangqi banner of Xilin Gol league, Inner Mongolia. The research used empirical research method, case study, oral history study and literature analysis.The study shows that the majority of herdsmen suffered the political exploitation of the noble lords and high officials, exploited economically by the rich herdsmen and herd owners and also mentally dominated by the religious superstitions of the Lamas under the oppression of imperialism and feudalism during the early 20th century. The society suffered social unrest, rampant banditry, widening gap between rich and poor. The intensified social conflicts calls for the urgent need to carry out democratic reform. However, due to the economic characteristics of the traditional nomadic culture, local Mongolian ethnic characteristics and social characteristics, practices of land reform in rural areas are not totally applicable to this nomadic society. Democratic reform in line with local conditions needed to be implemented. Therefore, the Chinese Communists proposed "Three not doing and both benefiting" policy. A peaceful, multiple progressive and profitable democratic reform was implemented through a series of specific practices such as propaganda and mobilization, organizing the New "surug", New pastoral workers, temple reform, Pastoral duguilang and Public pasture. This reform movement not only abolished the feudal privileges, eliminated the feudal exploitation and maintained the social stability of the frontier, thus enhancing enthusiasm for production of the herdsmen,the labor income increased, improved living standards, and the party won the support of the people in the Mongolian nomadic areas and consolidated the mass basis of the ruling. "Three not doing and both benefiting" moderate herding reform is a part of national land reform movement, standing in the same line in terms of its political aim and economic nature. It is a democratic movement initiated by the Chinese communist party based on the local ethnic characteristics, economic characteristics of the pastoral area and social political development of the region. Democratic participation of the people, moderation of the regime and respecting the ethnic characteristics are the key elements of the reform. This study has unique value and effect on properly solving modern ethnic issues, policy analysis and policy-making in the ethnic regions.