| The rapid growth of population and the rapid development of industry worsen the environment disruption.Human beings survive on resources.Lack of resource will influence the development of economic society.Damaging the environment will cause the quality deterioration of the factors of production and is unfavorable for the sustainable development.The sustainable development can be truly achieved only if the development is premised on the sustainable resources and the loadable environment.Therefore,we must insist on the coordinative development of environmental resources and economic society,spend reasonably,conserve resources and solve the problems of the resource starvation and environmental pollution in the course of development on the basis of our national conditions.The theory evidences of this article are sustainable development theory,the theory of resource environmental bear capacity,externality theory,coordinative development theory and etc.The models and methods: the models are constructed by using the method of ecological footprint and the carrying capacity of resource,and the situation of the coordinative development in Kunming is calculated and analyzed combining with the analytic hierarchy process.The main research contents and results are presented as followings.(1)The relative carrying capacity of water resources in the four cities in the southwest of China and in the 16 cities in Yunnan province and the coordination degree of water resources and economic development are calculated by using the method of data envelopment analysis.The type of coordinative development in Kunming belongs to the good coordinative development type and the retarded type of water resources in the comparison with economic resources and water resources.The normalized value of average per capita water resources and the average per capita water consumption in Kunming is very low,which is not only due to the geography and climate,but also owing to the unreasonable use patterns of water resources.(2)This research constructs the index system of the coordinative development of land resources and economy,normalizes the data over the years,and figures out the coordinative degree.According to the model of the relative carrying capacity of resources,this research obtains Kunming’s resources bearing capacity of land in contrast to the resources carrying capacity of land in Yunnan province and in the country.Therefore,the research comes to a conclusion that the development type in Kunming belongs to the type of good coordinative development of land resources and economy,and it also belongs to the retarded type of land resources in the comparison with economic development and land resources.Comparing with the normalized value,Kunming has a low population density.As for the comprehensive level of land resources,the per capita land resources is relatively low,the contradiction between human and land is intensifying,which is unfavorable for coordinative development.The normalized value of meadow is very low,which is not only due to the geography and climate,but also owing to the human factors and is unfavorable for the sustainable use.In addition,the value of the land needed for water conservancy,traffic,mines and residential settlements is very low,which shows that the rapid development of urban traffic,building and mining industry also account for the farmland resources in a way and decrease the reasonable degree of land structure.Comparing with the resources bearing capacity of land in Yunnan province,the resources bearing capacity of land in Kunming is still abundant,but is overloaded in the comparison with the country.(3)According to the model of ecological footprint,this research calculates and analyzes the per capita ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in Kunming from 2010 to 2015 and calculates the ecological profit and loss index.The research concludes that the ecological carrying capacity is under the capita ecological footprint and there is ecological deficit from 2010 to 2011.In addition,the ecological carrying capacity is greater than the ecological footprint and there is ecological surplus from 2012 to 2015.In general,the ecological deficit tends to decline and is changed into ecological surplus in 2012.According to the analysis of the type of land,the land for construction still has ecological surplus,and the farmland,meadow,and the land needed for fossil energy have been in ecological deficit for 6 years.According to the development status of Kunming,the research discusses the reasons of ecological deficit which have great influences on land productivity,such as its location on plateau,its mountainous geography and steeply slopes.In addition,the extensive use method,the low-level agricultural production technology and the phenomenon of occupying and destroying the farmland still exist.The ratio of meadow is low,and the quality of meadow is also poor.The recently rapid development of industry and the huge energy consumption exert a lot of pressure on the environment.The surplus of the land for building is due to strengthen the reconstruction of old urban areas and the urban villages,the construction of Chenggong new district and Anning city,and the improvement of the building volume ratio,which shows the location advantage of this city.This article comes up with some suggestions about how to optimize the use of water and land resources,strengthen the management and development of land resources,improve the carrying capacity of urban resources and ecology,strengthen the population work,reasonably guide the distribution of population,transform the extensive growth of economy,eliminate the backward production capacity and promote the technics of cleaner production,and it also provides reference for the coordinative development of Kunming. |
