Determination Technologies To Identify Camellia Oil And Olive Oil With Squalene And ?-sitosterol As Biomarkers

It is difficult to identify camellia oil and olive oil according to the fatty acids because their fatty acid compositions and proportions are very similar.Some other identification methods are hard to be applied in commercial way.So far,there is not a scientific method to identify them.In addition,the current national standard,Camellia seed oil lacks effective method to identify camellia oil and olive oil.So,it is hard to detect fake oils.In this paper,30 samples of camellia seeds and olive fruits from different species and sources were used as raw materials.Fatty acid composition was measured by GC.Then the methods of qualitative and quantitative detection for squalene and ?-sitosterol were established by using GC-MS and GC-FID.The credibility of the method was valuated by determining precision of the method,detection limit and recovery.This research set a foundation to formulate the innational standard,camellia oil publishend by United States Pharmacopeia's(USP).1 Studies on camellia oil and olive oil's fatty acid composition and proportions22 species of camellia seeds and 4 species of olive fruits were collected.First,Camellia oils were obtained by solvent extraction,and olive oils were extracted by squeezing.Besides,2 species of olive oils were purchesd from supermarket or provider,2 species of camellia oils were from producer.Analysis of fatty acid composition by using GC shew that the main fat acid compositions and relative contents of camellia oil and olive oil are similar,but camellia oil lack two trace components,palmitoleic acid and a-linolenic acid in olive oil.2 Determination technology to identify camellia oil and olive oil with squalene as biomarker by using GC-MSFirst,the qualitative determinations of squalene in camellia oil and olive oil were measured by GC-MS.The quantitative determination of squalene content in camellia oil and olive oil were anlyzed by GC.Besides,the methodology was tested by measuring precision,recovery and LOD.All samples of cammelia oils and olive oils were detedted by using this method.The results show that the average squalene contents in olive oils and camellia oils were 6.72±2.05 mg/g and 0.15±0.07 mg/g,respectively.The squalene content in former is 44.8 times of that in the latter,the difference between both oils was very significant.It demonstrated that squalene is suilable to be used as a biomarker to identify camellia oil and olive oil.3 Determination technology to identify camellia oil and olive oil with ?-Sitosterol as biomarker by using GC-MSIn order to avoid the possible obstacle identifying fake by adding sequence in oils,P-Sitosterol was suggested by USP experts as the second biomarker.First,the qualitative determinations of P-Sitosterol in camellia oil and olive oil were measured by GC-MS.The quantitative determination of P-Sitosterol content in camellia oil and olive oil were anlyzed by GC.Besides,the methodology was tested by measuring precision,recovery and LOD.All samples of cammelia oils and olive oils were detedted by using this method.The results show that the average ?-Sitosterol contents in olive oils and camellia oils were 1.45±0.40 mg/g and 0.19±0.05 mg/g,respectively.The ?-Sitosterol content in former is 7.63 times of that in the latter,the difference between both oils was very significant.It demonstrated that P-Sitosterol is also suilable to be used as a biomarker to identify camellia oil and olive oil.This study demonstrated that the fatty acid compositions and proportions of camellia oil and olive oil are similar.The contents of squalene and ?-sitosterol in olive oil are approximately 44.8 times and 7.63 times of that in camellia oil,respectively.So,both chemicals are suitable to be used as biomarkers for identifying both oils.Their fatty acid composition and proportions could be used as auxiliary biomarker.All have been certificated by the USP experts.This research set a solid foundation to formulate USP standard,camellia oil.