Analysis And Protection Of Landscape Elements Tibet Tea-Horse Road (Ya'an Section)

As a functional dominant linear cultural landscape, the ancient road had witnessed and participated in the China's development and saved some aspects of rich connotation such as history humanities and landscape ecological in the history. The Sichuan-Tibet Tea-Horse Road was a major carrier of Tea-Horse culture. In the long history, it had been an important passage to link the exchange of the trade and the culture between the Han and the Tibetan or some other multi-ethnic population. It had always been an important vein in Chinese ancient system as well. With the process of China's material, cultural heritage, and the rise of cultural line heat, the Tea-Horse Road had gone through the baptism of time and slowly opened its mysterious veil to us. Ya'an exerts its outstanding comprehensive value because it was the Tea-Horse center area and the important node of the connection line of Sichuan and Tibet since the Qin and Han dynasties. However, because of the complexity of the linear heritage involved and the imperfect of road protection work in our country, the Tea-Horse Road was once in a fervent concern but then slowly cooling, so that now precious heritage along the ancient road was again submerged in the gradual time and space. Under this background, we did the field investigation of the Sichuan-Tibet Tea-Horse Road and consulted the relevant literature. At the same time from the perspective of landscape, we analyses the ancient road system and landscape composition as well as the characteristics and connotation of the Tea-Horse Road between Sichuan and Tibet; the comprehensive and deep value of the ancient road landscape were excavated. And then we built its preliminary evaluation body and cleared about the emphasis of Tea-Horse Road protection and put forward the first close protection development strategy. The research results are as follows:The first part of work is to explore the historical development of Sichuan-Tibet Tea-Horse Road and trace its origin. According to the specific condition of the ancient road in Ya'an we outline the specific historical context, and the development of the Tea-Horse Road in Ya'an was summarized into four periods:Germination period, Development period, Mature period, Decline period. The line alignment and the remaining resources along the Tea-Horse Road in Ya'an were also been investigated and systemized.The second part of work was to take the connotation of the ancient road landscape as the main line and put the Tea-Horse Road as a comprehensive cultural landscape.Based on the elements of cultural circuit and the investigation of the instant ancient road landscape in Ya'an, we divided the Tea-Horse Road landscape resources into four levels:Natural environment level, Ancient road noumenon level, Ancillary facilities level as well as the Cultural heritage level. And the composition and characteristics of four elements were presented respectively in this paper. Besides, we analyzed the form, space, sequence and color of the ancient road in Ya'an from the basis of the ancient road landscape aesthetics. Finally, the three major characteristics of road landscape were summed up.The third part of work was the development research to protect the existing ancient road landscape resources. First of all, we evaluated the resources of the ancient road landscape and based on the consideration of system science and some cultural route evaluation standards such as historical and cultural landscape and cultural routes, the comprehensive value evaluation system of the Tea-Horse Road landscape resources were built up. Secondly, we used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight value of each comprehensive evaluation index of the ancient road landscape and combined with the fuzzy assignment method (FAM) to score each index. Therefore, an appropriate evaluation model was created. Based on the model above, we evaluated the six landscape resources of the Tea-Horse Road in Ya'an. The results obtained gave the objective support for the next step protection strategy. Finally, combined with the present protection and development situation of ancient road landscape resources, we analyzed its advantages and disadvantages. According to the protection principle of cultural line and the reality of the Tea-Horse Road, the protection principle and the protection development strategy was put forward.