Study On Construction Technology And Its Optimizing Application Of Earth Building In Traditional Village Dwelling

The traditional earth building still exist and are in use at present in rural areas of China, because it has the advantages of convenient materials, low cost, environmental protection and energy saving and simple construction. With the speeding up of the economic development and urbanization process, and the earth building its own ills of poor weather resistance, structural safety, indoor light and thermal comfort make it gradually replaced by the brick concrete structure building. Therefore, it is particularly important to summarize the building techniques and put forward optimization measures from the view of safety and energy saving to solve the ills of hindering its inheritance and development.Through the existing literature data and on-the-spot investigation, this paper sums up the morphological characteristics and construction technology of earth building, then from the point of safety and energy saving, put forward optimization measures based on modification of earth, design and construction and construction technology, aiming at the problems of existing quality and energy consumption. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out on the energy saving technology with the Ecotect software, and the most suitable energy saving reconstruction technology is obtained for different climate zones.Through access to relevant information, investigation and interview, the structure form, construction process and practice of traditional cave dwelling building, rammed earth and adobe buildings were summarized and recorded in detail.Through investigation, it is found that existing earth building has problems of serious wall erosion, generally cracks in the walls, cantilever beam and eaves purlin severely deformed, and poor seismic performance. The optimization measures are put forward: the raw soil modification, through the shear and compressive strength and anti erosion test, it is clear that single doped sand, plant fiber, glass fiber and water glass to clay and fine sand and other modifier mixed can improve performance of modified soil. The optimal ratio of the modified agent is: sand 40%, plant fiber 0.5%, glass fiber 0.5%, water glass 8%, according to the mechanical properties and effect of anti erosion of the modified soil, the optimization principle is obtained; design, structure and construction technology aspect: improve the seismic performance of adobe building by limiting the layers and height, height-thickness ratio, local design dimensions of earth building, then taking vertical and horizontal reinforcement to wall, adding reinforcement ring beam and structural column to the top of door and window. And increasing soil pretreatment, using new efficient dynamic building tools and more reasonable and efficient construction method, reinforcing the wall surface layer by steel wire mesh and strengthening joints between roof and wall and roof truss members to improve the integrity and seismic performance of earth buildings.The problems of existing earth buildings in energy-saving aspects are poor indoor lighting and the thermal insulation performance, smaller window-wall ratio and rough use of energy. Then it can obtain the most suitable energy saving technology for each climatic zone by energy consumption simulation of energy-saving technology in typical earth building. The results: in the severe cold- drought and strong solar radiation areas, it is advisable to use thick and heavy wall firstly, followed by the additional sun, and finally the thick heavy roof; in the cold-drought and strong solar radiation areas, attached sunspaces is the best, followed by thick exterior wall, roof insulation layer is then added; in the hot-summer and cold-winter and low solar radiation areas, firstly should be used in roofing insulation layer, followed by the thick wall, the energy-saving window finally; in hot and humid strong solar radiation areas, should adopt the heavy wall and then enhancing the window area to strengthen the ventilation. At last, it has small building insulation effects by an additional ceiling, simply increasing windowwall ratio and replace the window frame materials approach for each climate zone.