Study On The Foreign Architects And Their Professional Practices In Beijing During The Turning Period Of 19-20^th Century

Modern times is the period where eastern and western culture are conflicting and mingling,modern architecture is in a transitional stage of the history of Chinese architecture,which is a connecting integration between eastern and western,old and new,and went through the development from imitation to innovation.The development of modern architecture was influenced by social environment,so Western styles and combination of Chinese and Western styles architecture were created,forming the situation that Chinese traditional architecture and Western modern architecture develop together was formed.The development of architecture in modern China are closely related to foreign architects,who brought the world’s leading architectural ideas and advanced construction techniques and management methods for the closed and backward China,they cultivated a lot of architectural talents for China,which has an indelible influence on Architectural Education and accelerated the process of modernization of Chinese Architecture significantly.Their architectural works shows the beauty of art between Chinese and Western,which is different from traditional Chinese architecture,became a witness to the special period of history and culture and worthy of further research and protection.Under the background of the change of modern social environment in China,taking Beijing as the core area,this paper studies the characteristics of the foreign architect who came to Beijing,analyzes its general situation,divides the architects into different types according to their working attributes through the case study and analysis,based on the field investigation and research,and then summarizes the foreign architects’ activities and works in modern Beijing.Analyzes its contribution and impact to modern society,and thus understands the great significance of foreign architects for the modernization of Beijing and even China.This paper is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is introduction.The second chapter is he background of foreign architects coming to Beijing,analysis are mainly from three aspects: an overview of the development of Chinese and western architects,modern foreign construction activities in China and the background of foreign architects coming to Beijing;The third chapter is the general situation of the foreign architects in Beijing in modern times,mainly analyzing the background,characteristics and development stages of the foreign architect groups from the perspective of social history;The forth chapter is architectural activities of foreign architects in Beijing,according to the difference of the practice,the architects are divided into several parts,such as the government,military architect,the private architect and the church architect,then elaborate the characteristics ofarchitectural activities and works of different types of architects by investigation;The fifth chapter is the contribution and influence of foreign architects to modern Beijing architecture,analyze are from three aspects of architectural style,architectural technology and architectural education;The sixth chapter is the conclusion,the whole research are summarized,emphasizing the importance of foreign architects and their works of Chinese architecture,to explore the suitable architectural protection theories,looking forward to more scientific protection and utilization of modern architectural heritage.