Research On Fairness Evaluation Of Urban Park Layout Based On Supply And Demand Balance

As one of public resource,urban park is one of important part composing urban public service facilities,and an essential link in urban ecological construction,significant media for residents to share urban establishment fruits,and the activity place for residents to entertain and relax.The layout of urban parks directly links to residents’ life spiritual level and social justice.Promoting the fair of urban park’s distribution and ensuring residents enjoys urban park’s equality in space layout are beneficial for our country to accelerate the general goal to comprehensively establish a well-off society and realize its future development.However,due to the problems of urban parks’ layout concentration at present,the unmatched size and living space are more prominent,different social groups can not enjoy the same accesses.Ensuring the effective layout of city parks so that different social groups can get a fair supply of urban parks,is the inevitable requirement to build a harmonious society.Most of the domestic research is based on the interior space design,layout or population capacity of urban parks.A small number of discussions and researches concerned with the fairness of public parks mainly focus on the study of the location fairness,which ignores the exploration and study to the fairness of people’s social attributes.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the study of urban parks’ fairness,enrich the fairness theory of urban parks,and seek the starting point of the practice plan for the contradiction between supply and demand of park space distribution and reasonable layout.The article first summarizes the topic background,the research significance,and the progress of relevant literature at home and abroad;And then the article discusses the basic research on the fairness of urban parks and establishes the model framework of the paper’s urban parks’ fairness by analyzing the unfairness of urban parks,fairness effecting factors,and existing fairness evaluation study of urban parks.In the next,the article introduces the evaluation indicators of residents demand and supply fairness and the balance and supply and evaluation methods in detail by analyzing the indicators of the existing models,namely using Gini coefficient method to evaluate in general the supply and demand balance relation of urban parks from the macroscopic level,and using the location entropy method to evaluate the supply and demand balance relation of each residential area space from the micro level balance;the article,taking the Banan District of Chongqing as the research object,using GIS,RS,GPS technology,based on supply and demand balanced perspective from the macro general level and micro space matching fairness to evaluate the "supply force" and "demand force" relationship between the layout of city parks and residential areas,puts forward corresponding planning proposals and countermeasures;in the meantime,the article is to conclude the dis-merits and innovative points of whole paper,and puts forward the next studying direction,looking forward to the future.The main results of the study are as follows:First,theoretical background of domestic urban parks’ fairness is sorted out.Through the extensive reading of domestic literature and the reference of existing theoretical systems of foreign countries,we can fully absorb the existing research results in China and sort out the three aspects of the domestic fairness theory of urban parks,namely,the fairness of urban parks and the fairness of urban parks space and residents’ urban park demand.Secondly,the evaluation model of urban park fairness is constructed.Based on the analysis of the unfairness of urban parks and the factors that lead to the unfairness,and the discussion of the existing models,the evaluation model of this paper is extracted,taking supply and demand balance as the research perspective,studying the relation between the "supply force" and "demand force" from the macroscopic general region and the microscopic space matching,using GPS,RS,GIS technologies to form institutional fairness evaluation drawing,which is a supplement to the fairness evaluation method of urban parks.To better express the sharing degree of urban park resources,emphasizing the ways of urban parks’ layout,this way can truly reflect the degree of residents’ fairness to enjoy city parks.Thirdly,this paper studies the fairness of urban parks in Banan District of Chongqing,and investigates the related properties of 57 urban parks and 216 residential plots.The macroscopic overall fairness evaluation of the urban park Gini coefficient is 0.392,which is at a reasonable level,indicating that the layout of the urban park in Banan District is in a balanced stage.What’s more,in the microscopic space-matching,the paper uses the location entropy method to calculate the spatial equilibrium condition of Banan District and generate the drawings,we can see the unfair area of the urban park in Banan District,and put forward the corresponding countermeasures by analyzing the concrete causes,and give some referring suggestions for government’s planning and decision-making in next step.