| The bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine which recorded in all previous edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It occupies the first place among "Zhejiang eight famous kinds of herbal medicines", and it is often used to clean away heat, eliminate stagnation and phlegm, and relieve cough. On the basis of F. thunbergii cultivars and production status investigation in main producing areas, compared biological characteristics, pollen morphology, and peimine content of different F. thunbergii germplasms collected sufficiently; Rapid propagation technique of F. thunbergii by shoot tip culture was studied preliminarily for its low propagation coefficient to promote popularization and application of improved variety; Meanwhile, two important factors affecting the growth period and yield of F. thunbergii, high temperature and potassium fertilizer were studied. The detailed results obtained are as follows:1. Four F. thunbergii cultivars, Xiaye, Kuanye, Duozi and Xiaosanzi, were collected from F. thunbergii producing areas, and wild F. thunbergii was collected from Baohua Mountain, Jiangsu. These laid a solid foundation for germplasm resources evaluation and new variety selection of F. thunbergii.2. There were genetic differences in growth and morphological characteristics among different F. thunbergii germplasms. The growth vigor sequence of different F. thunbergii germplasms was:wild F. thunbergii> F. thunbergii(Xiaye), F. thunbergii(Kuanye)> F. thunbergii(Duozi)> F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi). The propagation coefficient of different F. thunbergii germplasms was in the following order:F. thunbergii(Duozi)(above 3)> F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi)(about 3)>F. thunbergii(Xiayo), F.thunbrigii(Kuanye)(about 2)> wild F. thunbergii(only 1).The ratios of P/E of five F. thunbergii germplasms were in the following order:wild F. thunbergii> F. thunbergii(xiaye)> F. thunbergii(kuanye), F. thunbergii(duozi) and F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi). The pollen shape of F. thunbergii(Xiaye) was ovoid, while those of F. thunbergii(kuanye), F. thunbergii(duozi), F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi) and wild F. thunbergii were oblong. There were significant differences in mesh ridge width, mesh size among five F. thunbergii germplasms.ITS and psbA-trnH sequence fragments were studied. The results showed that there existed differences in ITS and psbA-trnH sequence fragments of F. thunbergii(kuanye) and wild F. thunbergii, compared with that of the other F. thunbergii germplasms. Whereas, the NJ phylogenetic tress showed that there was not a clearly bound among different F. thunbergii germplasms.3. The peimine content varied significantly with the type of F. thunbergii cultivar, the size and part of bulb. The distribution laws of peimine were as follow:F. thunbergii(xiaossnzi)>F. thunbergii(duozi)>F. thunbergii(xiaye)>F. thunbergii(kuanye), small-size bulb> big-size bulb, core bud> scale. The peimine content of core bud was higer than that of scale of F. thunbergii(xiaye), F. thunbergii(kuanye, F. thunbergii(duozi), and F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi),by 103.30%,102.94%,110.86%,and 111.19%,respectively.4. F. thunbergii(Duozi) was chosen as experiment material to study rapid propagation by apical meristem culture. It indicated that the optimum medium for inducing shoot tip to form bud was MS supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1KT+1.4mg·L-1NAA, and the bud mutiplication ratio was higher on the medium with MS+0.5 mg·L-16-BA+1.0 mg·L-1NAA than on the other media. F. thunbergii bud used as explant stalked and formated young seedling after 30 d culture, and most of axils expanded into bulblets.5. The effects of high temperature stress 35?/25?(d/n) on photosynthetic characteristics and other physiological indices of four F. thunbergii cultivars under pot condition were studied. It indicated that the harm to Fritillaria thunbergii caused by high temperature stress 35 ?/25?(d/n) was irreversible, the heat-sensitivity sequence of four Fritillaria thunbergii cultivars was:F. thunbergii(xiaosanzi)>F. thunbergii(xiaye)>F. thunbergii(kuanye), F. thunbergii(duozi).The effects of EBR on thermotolerance and photosynthesis in leaves of F. thunbergii(xiaye) grown in pots were investigated under high temperature stress. The results indicated that EBR pretreatment could keep higher photosynthetic rate, increase soluble protein and chlorophyll contents, and improve antioxidant enzymes activities.0.5 mg·L-1 EBR had a better alleviating effect on high temperature damage.6. The effects of potassium sulphate and potassium chlorate treatments on physiological characteristics, yield and peimine content of F. thunbergii(Xiaye)under field condition were studied. The results showed that potassium chlorate containing equal amounts of potassium as potassium sulphate was a little better for promoting photosynthesis in the low level of potassium; Under the potassium level higher than 110 kg·hm-2, however, the reverse was true. Application of potassium sulphate 145 kg·hm-2 played a more positive role in increasing chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transportation rate, enhancing SOD and CAT activities, and decreasing MDA content and POD activity than the other potassium treatments; Potassium application could increase yield by increasing transverse diameter of F. thunbergii bulb, and the optimum treatment was application of potassium sulphate 145 kg·hm-2. Application of potassium was propitious to the increase of peimine content of F. thunbergii bulb, and application of potassium chlorate 75 kg·hm-2 showed more significant enhancement than the other treatments. Whereas, in consideration of peimine yield per plant, application of potassium sulphate 145 kg-hm"2 was optimum treatment. |
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