| Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don which been cultivated around the middle and lower range of Hengduan Mountain is the main resource of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, the world-honored regional traditional Chinese medicine material. With significant effects of clearing heat and moistening lung, reliving a caugh and reducing phlegm, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus enjoys a rather huge demanding, as a consequence, led to a shortage of its resource herbs. Fortunately, the basic cultivation method for F. cirrhosa has been developed after a long period of tough exploration, however, there are still some problems left, such as the under-quantity and the distinction between cultivated products and its counterpart wild herb. In order to regulate the production for F. cirrhosa, based on preceding researches in our laboratory, issues about biological and chemical characters of F. cirrhosa, for one thing the using of fertilizer and herbal growth regulator, for another the seasonal technology of its raw material, have been explored at this time.First of all, the biological and phenology characteristics of F. cirrhosa under an agricultural environment has been studied. Accordingly, F. cirrhosa seeds always germinate around mid-May to be seeding with only 1 needle-like leave, this phenomenon just coincides with Yikezhen (the traditional morphology describe for this medicinal herb). In the second year, this leave will grow longer and wider. A majority of third-year-growth F. cirrhosa still only have one leave which is rather long and wide, some have their second leave (called Shuangpiaodai), and a very small group have growed to be Shuerzi (F. cirrhosa with above-ground stem). It's the forth growth year in which all this kind of herb have above-ground stems, a few of them blossom, which will happen in the next year, but there is a very small group of it can fruit. These tally shows some differences to reports before this work. Therefore, Shuangpiaodai is not a necessary growth stage within the life circle of F. cirrhosa. The growth and development process of F. cirrhosa, F. przewalskii Maxim. ex Batal and F. sinica S.C.Chen always need a span of about 120 d, F. cirrhosa germinates from thest 1 to 5th of May, relevant phenology including:poplars is germinating, seabuckthorn has grown its new leaf and wheat with two long thin leaflet. The early blossom period of F. cirrhosa spans from the 20th to the 25th of May, in which poplars and seabuckthorn have already equipped all of their new leaf, which almost are in a color of fresh green, wheat start to closure line and rape is germinating, he main period of flowering is from the 30th May to the 2nd June, it's a time for leaf of poplars and seabuckthorn to turn their color into deeply green, seabuckthorn is flowering and rape begin to closure line. It's between the 9th to 15th June F. cirrhosa starts to bear fruit, in this stage, leaf of poplars are still deep green, seabuckthorn has its early fruits and wheat has been flowered. fruits of F. cirrhosa will mature over a period from the 8th to 15th of July, in which poplars leaf are deep green, fruits of seabuckthorn have grew larger,wheat should be harvested and rape has pumped. When the color of seabuckthorn fruits is showing a yellow between the 23rd October and the 1st September, it's also a time for rape to be harvested, F. cirrhosa is withered.Secondly, a clear effect of plant growth regulators, and a "3414" field test method investigated fertilizer requirement of F. cirrhosa. Herbal chromatographic fingerprint evaluation system (A version) analysis HPLC-ELSD map F. cirrhos a Alkaloids, indicating similarity profiles of each plant growth regulator treatme nt were more than 96%, indicating that plant growth modifiers can be used in t he production of fritillary mother. Considering the effect of plant growth regulat or on bulb growth rate, soluble sugars and alkaloids, determine the best combin ation:0.05mmol/LSA+100mg/L6-BA+1?mol/LMeJA. "3414" Field tests showed 1 ower overall demand F. cirrhosa of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen fe rtilizer can make a modest weight gain bulb, suggesting the production of Fritil laria fertilization methods should adopt a low nitrogen, phosphorus and potassiu m. To yield index, and N, P, K regression analysis, did not get a good mathe matical model of fertilizer effect. By visual analysis, fertilization program F. cir rhosa "tree Son" period are:nitrogen 10.91kg/hm2, fertilizer 104.16 kg/hm2, potassium 19.67 kg/hm2; fertilization program "Lantern Flowers" period are: nitrogen 10.91 kg/hm2, fertilizer 104.16 kg/hm2, potassium 19.67 kg/hm 2.Again, comprehensive Fritillaria bulb biomass, alkaloids content and actual production in order to maximize the effectiveness of the principle, to determine the best harvest of the plants wither of Fritillaria. From germination to fruit ripening, reduce the weight of F. cirrhosa, and fruit ripening to ground part of its withered net weight of the bulb; bulb soluble sugar content decreased from germination to flower late stage, then gradually increase, showing a "V" type change; the end is the beginning of flowering and flower bulbs F. cirrhosa period of the highest total alkaloid content, Peiminine, Sibelius mother base, Fritillaria Sim and peimine exhibit similar dynamic trend. F. cirrhosa bulbs of alkaloids, Peiminine, Sibelius mother base, Fritillaria Sim and peimine early flowering and flower late in the highest, prompt F. cirrhosa alkaloids may be related to plant flowering, pollination, fertilization and other reproductive process-related secondary metabolites, belong to the plant reproductive defensive metabolites. Meanwhile, the current herbalist in fruit collect wild F. cirrhosa from production, reproduction and the active ingredient content in natural populations are extremely unfavorable, should strengthen the publicity and guidance, delayed harvest wild F. cirrhosa.Finally, to reveal the content of traditional direct dry and water drying method each time node total alkaloids and four alkaloids was no significant difference. Show that in the process, no other ingredients into alkaloids, the combination results in dynamic testing of alkaloids, further explanation of such components is associated with reproductive defensive product, rather than the product of environmental stress. Dried and water make the traditional direct drying method can be used for drying F. cirrhosa, when considering the need, covering and pollution control and other factors, drying method advantages. It recommends to dry 60? 24 h of F. cirrhosa cultivation base of origin processing methods.To sum up, growth and development through F. Cirrhosa growth regulator intervention and fertilizer requirement, as well as harvesting and drying methods and composition change of the research process, enrich and improve the F. cirrhosa cultivation production related technologies and methods. It provides for standardized production of detailed experimental data, and laid a good foundation for the further improvement of its production technology. |
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