Species Identification,Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hyalomma Species And Molecular Detection Of Theileriosis Carried By Hyalomma,Xinjiang

Hyalomma are dominant species in Xinjiang, they can attack herbivorous livestock and spread Theileriosis, which endanger animal husbandry and humans. Theileriosis that spread by Hyalomma mainly includes Theileria annulata and Theileria equi. Xinjiang is vast in territory and abound in natural resources as a major animal husbandry province, so cattle breeding stock is the second biggest, horse breeding stock and fauna distribution of hard-ticks are the biggest of the whole nation, herbivorous livestock(cattle and horses etc) is extremely easy to infect tick-borne disease after being bitten by ticks. Thus, this study identify, phylogenetic analysis and community components analysis of Hyalomma species, which often attacks herbivorous livestock in parts of Xinjiang by morphology, systematics, molecular biology and biostatistics. Detected tick-borne and blood-borne Theileriosis and analyzed epidemic strains. Confirmed the dominant species and validated systematic status and community constitution in the epidemic areas of Xinjiang. Revealed scientific problems of which Hyalomma species stored and which Theileria species spreaded. The study provided basis for prevention and control vector ticks and tick-zoonosis. The results showed:(1)Hard ticks(N=14142) collected from 16 counties 48 sites, the Hyalomma ticks was the dominant species(N=8249). The male Hyalomma ticks have significant differences in sunken degree of basis capituli posterior margin, bristles number and arrangement of the inside of pedipalps, internal spur and external spur length of coxa?, size of anal plate, shape of occipital furrow, and femal Hyalomma ticks have significant differences in bristles number and arrangement of porose area, fracture shape of Haller's organ.(2)Phylogenetic tree Establish based on ITS2 and COI gene of four dominant Hyalomma species(Include fed and engorgement), this study determined sequence similarity were 100%, 99%, 100%, 99% respectively with ITS2 nucleotide sequence of corresponding Hyalomma species previously published(GenBank accession: HQ005303, KC203390, JQ737102, JQ737103). The homology of sequencing COI gene were 100%, 99%, 100%, 99% with corresponding Hyalomma species(GenBank accession: JQ737067, JQ737068, JQ737066, JQ737070) respectively. Phylogenetic tree(NJ method) based on ITS2 and COI gene sequence of fourteen hard-ticks showed that Hyalomma species were grouped together, we measured sequence of H.anatolicum anatolicum, H.detritum, H.dromedarii and H.asiaticm asiaticum which were grouped together with corresponding species logged in GenBank.(3)The collection of Hyalomma ticks, dominant species were H.anatolicum anatolicum, H.detritum and H.dromedarii, its relative dominance were 22.79%, 14.91% and 13.63% respectively. The infection rates and tick index were higher than others of H.anatolicum anatolicum, H.detritum. Community species were richness and diversity of Hyalomma parasitized in cattle. the richness, diversity and evenness were higher than others regions of Hyalomma in Turpan. At the same time, parasitic Hyalomma species had some similarities in different regions and animals body and the similarity index ranged from 0.2500 to 1.0000.(4)Theileria annulata were detected from cattle blood(N=641) and Hyalomma ticks(N=800) parasitized in cattle body surface in 13 counties, the infection rates of Theileria annulata were 27.93%(179/641) and 5.88%(47/800), respectively; H.anatolicum anatolicum and H.detritum were the mainly vector of Theileria annulata. the highest rates were in Turpan(43.41%). Sequencing result showed that the higest identity of blood-borne Theileria annulata was 99% with the corresponding sequences of India strain published in GenBank(GenBank accession: AF214842), the higest identity of tick-borne Theileria annulata Tams1 sequence was 100% with the corresponding sequences of Italy strain published in GenBank(GenBank accession: AF214861). Theileria equi were detected from horse blood(N=351) and Hyalomma ticks(N=400) parasitized in horse body surface in 6 counties, the infection rates of Theileria equi were 28.25%(89/351) and 7.00%(14/200), respectively; H.detritum and H.dromedarii were the mainly vectors of Theileria equi. the highest rates was in Hejing(39.39%). Sequencing result showed that the higest identity of tick-borne and blood-borne Theileria equi 18 S sequence were 100% with the corresponding sequences of Swiss strain published in GenBank(GenBank accession: KM046918).The relevant data of Hyalomma in this study can provide scientific basis for prevention and control of vector-borne diseases.