The Protection Efficacy Evaluation Of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province

Pere David's deer(Elaphunis davidianus)is the national I level key protected wild animals as an important species to reintroduce in China.It had been established Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province,Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,Jiangsu Province and Beijing Nan Haizi Milu Park to protect it in China.The protection efficacy evaluation of nature reserves was an important way to protect the Pere David's deer resources,and it played an important role to promote the management effectiveness and systematic planning of nature reserves.In this paper,we had defined the concept and content of protection efficacy evaluation of wildlife nature reserves,and built a system for evaluating the protection efficacy of Milu national nature reserves.In July,October,December 2013,and January,march 2014,We investigated the population and habitats of Pere David's deer during their estrus,wintering and farrowing period,then evaluated the protection efficacy of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province(including Sanheyuan in the southern bank of the Yangtze river)from ecological effectiveness,management effectiveness and human impact.The results showed that:1.The protection efficacy evaluation of wildlife nature reserves was the dynamic evaluation of target species' protection in the nature reseves during a certain time and space range,including ecological effectiveness evaluation,management effectiveness evaluation and human impact assessment in three aspects.analyzing existing monitoring data in combination with 3 S technology,was the key method to evaluate protection efficacy of wildlife nature reserves.2.The system for evaluating the protection efficacy of Milu national nature reserves was divided into Target,Factors and Index three levels.The principle to select factors was representative,scientific and feasibility.The target layer included the ecological effectiveness evaluation(60 points),management effectiveness evaluation(40 points)and the additional parts(-10?+5 points).Representativeness,suitability,diversity,rarity,completeness were chosen as the factors layer of ecological effectiveness evaluation,It was a comprehensive dynamic evaluation of Pere David's deer' population,habitat and ecological system.The effectiveness of patrol,monitoring,management of the population and habitat in the nature reserves should be focused on in the management effectiveness evaluation.The additional parts mainly aimed at human activities on the population and the resources of Pere David's deer in the reserve.The Assessment time scales was 10 years.The scores of protection efficacy evaluation=The scores of ecological effectiveness evaluation ×60%+The scores of management effectiveness evaluation × 40%+ The scores of the additional parts,Scores were translated into four levels:excellent,good,basic and poor,any one of the evaluation effectiveness of ecological and management was poor,the evaluation results of protection efficacy was poor.3.Using the method of BACI(The Before-After-Control-Impact)to evaluae the protection efficacy of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Hubei Province.Through field survey,data collection to get information for indicators evaluation,analyzing the data in nearly a decade to draw a conclusion.On the analysis of each index,if the evaluation results caused by lack of data can not be sure,then chosing the worst item d.The scores of protection efficacy evaluation was 85.24,the level was good.Of which the scores of the reserve was 75.60,and Sanheyuan weighted score into additional points was 9.64 points.In the reserve,Ecological protection efficiency score was 76 points,management effectiveness score was 75 points while the additional parts was 0 points,assessment level was good.Sanheyuan protection efficacy evaluation scores was 32.60,effectiveness of ecological and management scores was 37 points and 26 points,the additional parts was-6 points,assessment grade was poor.4.In the reserve,in nearly 10.years,the population of Pere David's deer keeped a growth trend,the species richness increased obviously,and natural food,water and hidden environmental resources can satisfy the Pere David's deer population needs,the habitat was suitable to Pere David's deer.But some probloms existed in the reserve,it needed to strengthen the ability of scientific research.There was no comprehensive inspection and surveillance of habitat in nearly 15 years,and related information of Pere David's deer was not finishing and updating in time.The management ownership of buffer zone did not implement yet,some unreasonable phenomenas was in core area,such as land rent used for development of fisheries and poplar planting.The human impct in Sanheyuan was too big to the survival and development of Pere David's deer.