| Natural forest is the natural resource which has the most complex structure,the largest biomass and the most perfect function in terrestrial ecosystem.It is the main part of forest resources.It plays a decisive role in resisting the drought and waterlogging,controlling the desertification,protecting the species and maintaining the ecological balance.Since China started Natural Forest Protection Project in key state-owned forest areas in 1998,it has achieved some success through nearly twenty years' efforts.The natural forest resources in the project area are effectively protected,the forest vegetation is effectively restored.At present,natural forest resources in China still suffer from severe natural disasters and man-made destruction.Forest management and protection is the main means of natural forest protection,and is also the main task of Natural Forest Protection Project.The second phase of Natural Forest Protection Project has a large area of forest management and protection about 113 million ha,and a large number of management and protection staff about 310 thousand,and capital investment is nearly 6 billion yuan a year,but the scope and capacity of the management and protection are relatively limited.Forest management and protection technologies are relatively backward.Forest management and protection mainly depends on human sea tactics and mountain patrol,invest a lot of manpower and material resources,but the efficiency is low.The supervision and management means of forest management and protection are relatively extensive.The workload of management is large,data accuracy,timeliness,and consistency are poor.The monitoring and evaluation of forest management and protection effectiveness is relatively traditional.It is mainly based on the extraction of a small proportion of the area to conduct field manual site inspection.Natural Forest Protection Project has not established a set of effective evaluation methods for the effectiveness of forest management and protection for county(bureau)implementation units.Therefore,it is significant to realize the fine forest management and protection,and establish a set of evaluation method of forest management and protection for theimplementation units of the county(bureau)through the satellite positioning and navigation,satellite remote sensing and other technical means.Thus all these can improve the level of forest management and protection,effectively supervise and manage the work of forest management and protection,fully grasp the situation of forest management and protection,monitor and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of forest management and protection.The main work of this study is as follows:(1)Research on the technology of fine forest management and protectionTaking the present model,process,means and assessment of forest management and protection as the research objects,this paper analyzes the existing problems in process,means and assessment under the existing mode.Using the characteristics of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and GF-1,and applying the technology of satellite navigation and remote sensing to forest management and protection business,this paper rebuilt process of forest management and protection,strengthen means of forest management and protection,refine assessment of forest management and protection,so as to improve the quality of forest management and protectiong.Based on sensing image data of GF-1,management and protection route planning is realized by construction of road network model in forest region through extracting the forest road information,combining with the key points and the responsible area;Based on the established road network model,the shortest path Dijkstra algorithm is applied to realize forest management and protection navigation;Based on the positioning and short message function of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,the accurate location and measurement of the protection personnel and the problem area can be realized,and the real-time information exchange and communication between the management and protection personnel are realized,and the problems such as the deforestation and the illegal logging in the responsibility area are reported in time.(2)Research on evaluation method of forest management and protection effectivenessAccording to the requirements of "strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of forest and forest change" in Natural Forest Protection Project,the evaluation method of forest management and protection effectiveness was established by using the surface cover type,vegetation coverage and the aboveground biomass of forest land in the Wunuer forestry bureau.Using data of GF-1 in second phase of Natural Forest Protection Project and TM data as a supplement in first phase to extract information from surface coverage type,vegetation coverage,and aboveground biomass of the two phases Wunuer forestry bureau,combining with the situation of job design,the research comprehensively analyzed the changes of these information and the change driving factors,and finally established the evaluation method of forest management and protection effectiveness.In the study area,the method of post classification comparison can be used to monitor the change of surface cover type.The test accuracy can reach more than 80%.In the study area,NDVI and dimidiate pixel model can be used to monitor the change of vegetation coverage.The accuracy verificated by field measured can reach 83%.In the study area,KNN-FIFS method can be used to monitor the change of aboveground biomass,and can be used to estimate the forest parameters of pixel level,forest stand and subcompartment.It provides an effective business method for estimation of area forest parameters.(3)Research on the design and implementation of forest management and protection systemBased on the research results of technology of fine forest management and protection,and evaluation method of forest management and protection effectiveness,a forest management and protection system is designed and implemented.Forest management and protection system is divided into three parts: forest management and protection desktop system,forest patrol app and forest management and protection platform.The forest management and protection desktop system mainly realizes the division of the responsibility area and management and protection route planning;The forest management and protection app realizes the navigation and positioning of the patrol,and reports the data of the position and the management and protection events in real time;The forest management and protection platform summarizes,statistical analysis and map display of all kinds of data.This research makes use of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and GF-1.Based on the forest area road network model and route planning,fine forest management and protection isrealized.Based on the change study of surface cover type,vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass,a evaluation method of forest management and protection effectiveness is established.All of these can provide decision-making reference for the implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project. |
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