| The study was conducted to measure contents of nutrients and partial active ingredients in mulberry twig leaves samples from different producing areas, and evaluated the mulberry twig leaves nutrient value of geese in vitro and in vivo. This study also evaluated the effects of amount of mulberry leaves power on growth performance, slaughter performance, organ development, intestinal development, activity of intestinal contents, and serum biochemical parameters in mulberry diet for Qingyuan geese. The aim of this experiment was to discuss the feasibility of mulberry leaves power application in geese diets.The experiment was divided into three parts. The first part was the nutrient analysis of mulberry samples, and a total of 14 samples collected from Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Shandong, Chongqing and Jiangxi provinces were determined for dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, crude ash, calcium, total phosphorus, DNJ and total flavonoids. The second part was to evaluate the mulberry twig leaves nutrition value by in vitro and in vivo method. The third part was the feeding experiment, a total of 1 008 healthy 22-day-old Qingyuan geese with similar body weights were randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated 6 times(same female and male) with 28 Qingyuan geese per pen. The dietary treatments were prepared with similar metabolizable energy, crude protein, crude fiber and the mulberry leaves powder in those diet were 0(control group)?3% ?6% ?9%?12% and 15% mulberry leaf powder, respectively. The experiment lasted for 50 days. The results showed as follows:(1)The average dry matter content of 14 mulberry twig leaves samples was 92.61%, average crude protein, crude fat, ash, calcium and total phosphorus were 22.04%, 2.29%, 13.19%, 2.57% and 0.32%, respectively. Crude fiber, NDF, ADF and lignin acidic averages IV were 20.72%, 45.37%, 20.91% and 4.54%, respectively.(2)The average tannins, flavonoids and DNJ of 14 different mulberry twig leaves were 2.78 mg/g, 8.66 mg/g and 0.20%,respectively.(3)The bionic digestible energy value, bionic energy utilization, and bionic dry matter digestibility of 14 samples were significantly different(P<0.05); AME, TME, apparent energy utilization and true utilization of different places mulberry twig leaves were 4.18 MJ/kg, 4.92 MJ/kg, 22.84% and 26.91%, respectively; true protein utilization efficiency range from 18.83% to 30.98%; the utilization efficiency of NDF, ADF were 31.77% and 24.19%, respectively.(4)With the increase usage of MLP, the final weight and ADG of treatment groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05), ADFI and F/G increased significantly(P<0.05).(5)The amount of MLP significantly influenced the geese slaughter performance: when the application reached to 15%, the slaughter rate was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05);when the amount was over than 6%, eviscerated and eviscerated yield rate were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); when dietary MLP was higher than 3%, the rate of breast and abdominal fat were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).(6)The different levels of MLP significantly influence the experimental geese organ weight: when the application range from 6% to 15%, the heart and liver relative weights were significantly higher than that of the control group, but the absolute weight was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05); the bursal absolute weight of treatment groups was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), pancreas relative weight and absolute weight were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05).(7)The different MLP levels significantly influence intestinal segment length and weight of geese: the intestinal segment relative length of control group was significantly lower than that of the treatment groups, the absolute length of duodenum and jejunum which with the application levels from 6% to 15% were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), the ileum, cecum and total gut absolute length of control group were significantly lower than the treatment groups(P<0.05); the duodenum, cecum and total tract relative weight and the absolute weight of the treatment groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).(8)MLP application in dietary influenced the intestinal mucosa of experimental geese, intestinal muscle layer thickness had a trend of first decreased and then increased, the ileal villus height of treatment groups were significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).(9)The sucrose, amylase and lipase activity of jejunal contents were significantly influenced by MLP: the sucrose and amylase of 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); the lipase of control group was significantly higher than that of treatment groups(P<0.05)?(10)With the increase usage of MLP, geese serum GLB showed a decreasing trend after the first increase, the GLB of 6% group was significantly higher with the control group(P<0.05), and the A/G was significantly lower than the 9% to 15% groups(P<0.05); the MLP application level had no significant effect on TP and ALB(P>0.05).(11)With the increasing amount of MLP in diets, geese serum GOT presented first increasing and then decreasing trend,and the GOT of 3% group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); the treatment group GOT/GPT decreased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05); LDH was significantly lower than the control group when the amount of MLP reached to 3%(P<0.05).(12)Serum TG levels decreased with the increasing of dietary MLP usage, serum TC of 9% group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05); HDL-C of 15% was significantly higher than 3% and12% groups(P<0.05).Conclusion: Considering the growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical parameters, in this experimental condition, 3% or more than 3% of MLP in diets were adversed to the growing geese. |
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