| In this study,different levels of substitution of emulsifier for partial oil were added in broiler diets.The purpose of this study was to explore the effection of sodium stearoyl lactylate(the main component of the emulsifier)on the growth performance,the utilization of nutrient,meat quality and blood routine,biochemical and hepatic lipase activity and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in the production of broilers.This study mainly contained four experiments:In trial 1,the effects of different levels of emulsifiers on the growth performance and the utilization of nutrient were evalucated.Total 1-day-old 576 AA broilers with similar weight,were randomly allocated to 6 groups with 6 replicates(n=16,8 males and 8 females)in each group.CON group was defined as the control group fed basic diets,T1 group,T2 group,T3 group,T4 group and T5 group fed with the low fat diets(1%soybean oil decreased in the basic of basic diets)respectively supplementation with 250 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,1000 mg/kg,1500 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of emulsifier.The results showed that:(1)At early stage of the this experiment,compared with CON group,the ADG of T4 and T5 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and with the increasing of the addition of emulsifier,ADG were linearly significantly increased(P<0.05).However during the later stage and the whole period of this experiment,the influence of emulsifier on growth performance had no significant differences(P>0.05).However,compared with the CON group,F/G of T3 and T1 groups were respectively decreased by 4.05%and 2.31%,ADG of T2 group were increased by 3.76%(P>0.05).(2)On d 21 and d 42,compared with the CON group,the rate of the utilization of DM,OM,CP,EE in T1,T2,T3 and T4 groups had no significant differences(P>0.05).But at the age of 42 days,the rate of CP in group T3 was increased by 4.65%compared with CON group(P>0.05).In trial 2,the effects of different levels of emulsifiers on the meat quality and muscle nutrient content have been researched.The experiment design was same as that of trial 1.The results showed that:(1)There were no significant differences of 24 h pH in each treatment groups(P>0.05).Compared with CON group,there were no significant differences of 24 h and 48 h drip loss(P>0.05)among other treatment groups,except for T2 group(P<0.05).The pressure loss of T1,T3,T4 and T5 group were significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05),and there was a very significant linear relationship of this index in each group(P<0.001).Cooking loss of each experimental group was not different(P>0.05).There were significant linear relationships of L value(P<0.05)and no significant differences of a value(P>0.05)in each treatment group.The b value of emulsifier addition groups were higher than those of CON group.(2)Compared with CON group,the content of DM in breast muscle of emulsifier addition groups were increased,in especially T1 and T3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with CON group,contents of CP and EE in breast muscle of T3 group were respectively increased by 2.66%and 16.70%(P>0.05).In trial 3,the effects of different levels of emulsifiers on serum lipid metabolism and hepatic lipase activity in broiler have been researched.The experiment design was same as that of trial 1.The results showed that:(1)On d 21,diets supplemented with emulsifer had no obvious effect of TG(P>0.05),but increased the concentration of HDL-C in serum.The concentration of LDL-C in T1,T2 and T5 groups were lower than those of CON group,which in T3 and T4 groups were not different compared with CON group(P>0.05).On d 42,the TG of T1,T3,T4 and T5 groups were lower than that of CON group;TC and LDL-C of them were not different with CON group(P>0.05).The concentration of HDL-C in different treatment groups was increased compared to CON group(P>0.05).(2)On d 21,the activity of LPL in T2,T3 and T5 groups were higher than that of CON group.The activity of HL in each treatment groups were higher than that of CON group,and which in T1,T2 and T4 groups were significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05).Compared with CON group,activity of TL in T2 group was higher(P<0.05).However,on d 42,there were no significant differences of LPL,HL and TL activity in each treatment groups,and also no significant linear or quadric relationships among each group(P>0.05).In trial 4,the effects of different high levels of emulsifiers on the growth performance,blood routine test,blood biochemistry and histopathology in broiler have been researched.Total 1-day-old 384 AA broilers with similar weight,were randomly allocated 4 groups with 6 replicates(n = 16,8 males and 8 females)in each group.The CON group was defined as control group fed basic diets,T1 group,T2 group and T3 group,fed with the low fat diets(1%soybean oil decreased on the basic of basic diets)respectively supplementation with 500 mg/kg,2500 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of emulsifier.The results showed that:(1)At early stage of the experiment,ADG and ADFI of T2 and T3 groups were lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).But there were no significant differences of F/G of T1,T2 and T3 groups compared to CON group(P>0.05).At late stage of the experiment,F/G was increased and ADG was decreased in T2 group(P<0.05),which compared to CON group.During the whole experiment period,there were no significant differences of F/G among T1,T2,T3 and CON groups(P>0.05),ADG of T2 and T3 groups were significant lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).(2)On d 21,there were significant differences of MCV,MCHC and WBC between T2 group and CON group(P<0.05).On d 42,RBC,HGB of T2 group were lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).(3)On d 21,the content of GLU in T2 group and the content of T-Bil in T3 group were higher than those of CON group(P<0.05).On d 42,compared to CON group,ALB and BUN in T2 and T3 group were obviously decreased(P<0.05),HDL-C and CRE in T3 group were increased(P<0.05).(4)There were no significant differences of liver index,spleen index,lung index,kidney index and thymus index in each treatment groups(P>0.05).While the cardiac index and bursa index in T3 group were significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).There werea no significant differences of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,thymus tissue slices on pathological changes.But diets supplementation with high dosage of emulsifier may cause slightly injury on intestinal villus of broiler.In conclusion,diets supplementation with 1000 mg/kg of emulsifier(replace 1%of oil in basic diets)could reduce feed costs and improve the growth performance,nutrient utilization and meat quality of broilers.Additionally,2500 mg/kg levels of emulsifiers reduced feed intake and weight gain of broilers. |
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