Investigation On Grape Diseases And Pests And Prevention Of Main Diseases And Pests In Zhumadian

During the recent years,the area of grape planting in Zhumadian,Henan Province has been on a constantly increasing trend,which provides relevant living and breeding environment for a series of physiological activities of parasitic diseases pests to some extents.Besides,as the planting time of grapes increases,the number of pathogenic seedlings gradually increases and the cardinal number of population density of insects is constantly increasing as well.In addition,some human factors such as introduction of seedlings and the incomplete breeding system,have further aggravated grape diseases and pests,which cause a serious decline in production.Taking grape production bases in Yicheng District of Zhumadian and the Helv Vineyard in Shuitun Town as the research objects,the present study conducts an investigation and analysis on the types of grape diseases and pests and relevant harm condition,carries out an experiment on the prevention and treatment of relatively severe diseases and pests like downy mildew and apolygus lucorum,and conducts a test on the protective function of bagging on grapes.The research results are as follows:1.Vineyards in Zhumadian are mainly affected by 19 types of pests which belong to 6 orders and 14 families respectively.Pest attacks that occur relatively frequently include apolygus lucorum,scarab,grape clearwing moth,lycorma delicatula and erythroneura apicalis.Other types of pest attacks occur sporadically.8 natural enemies of pests were found on the grapevines.They belong to 4 orders and 4 families respectively.Chrysopa perla and ladybird are frequently found while parasitic wasp and mantis are found sporadically.2.Three commonly pesticides were used to carry out a field control experiment on apolygus lucorum,the main insect pest that affects vineyards in Zhumadian.As indicated by the experimental results,2% Abamectin EC diluted with water(1:2000)can achieve a control efficiency of 89.15% 10 days for the first time and achieve a control efficiency of 98.04% 10 days after for the second time.Thus,Abamectin EC has the best control efficiency.2% Abamectin EC diluted with water(1:2500)can achieve a control efficiency of 83.80% 10 days after for the first time and achieve a control efficiency of 92.77% 10 days after for the second time.The control efficiency of 200g/L imidacloprid soluble concentrate diluted with water(1:3500)is equivalent to that of 2% Abamectin EC diluted with water(1:3000)and lower than that of 2% Abamectin EC diluted with water(1:2500),but the difference between the two is not quite significant.The control efficiency reaches above 85% for the second time.3.Vineyards in Zhumadian are mainly affected by 17 diseases,including downy mildew,powdery mildew and brown spot on the leaves;gray mold,anthrachose,white rot and spike-stalk brown spot on the fruit;and physiological diseases such as sunscald,grape berry crack,grape sour rot,potassium deficiency,phosphorus deficiency,zinc deficiency,magnesium deficiency,boron efficiency etc.Among them,the relatively severe diseases are downy mildew,anthrachose,gray mold,powdery mildew,grape berry crack and grape sour rot.4.Three commonly bactericides were used to carry out a field control experiment on downy mildew,the main plant disease that affects vineyards in Zhumadian.As shown by the experimental results,50% dimethomorph diluted with water(1:2000)can achieve a field control efficiency of 92.9% 7 days for the second time and achieve a control efficiency of 94.48% 10 days for the third time.Thus,dimethomorph has the best control efficiency.The control efficiency of 50% dimethomorph diluted with water(1:2500)is equivalent to that of 25% azoxystrobin suspending agent diluted with water(1:800)and the control efficiency of both of them are slightly lower than 50% dimethomorph diluted with water(1:2000),but the difference is not quite significant.25% azoxystrobin suspending agent diluted with water(1:1000)can achieve a field control efficiency of 88.91% 7 days for the second time and achieve a control efficiency of 91.79% 10 days for the third time.5.The study conducted a field test on the protective function of three different fruit bags on grapes.As indicated by the results,bagging treatment can effectively reduce the occurrence rate of grape diseases and pests,and there is no great difference between different bagging treatments.The proportion of grapes without bagging treatment harmed by birds reaches as high as 37.8%,significantly higher than grapes wrapped by different types of bags;7.1% grapes wrapped by single-layer white paper bags are attacked by birds and 6.7% grapes wrapped by single-layer yellow paper bags are attacked by birds,significantly higher than the proportion of grapes wrapped by single-layer white cloth bags,which is zero.11% grapes without bagging treatment are harmed by noctuids,significantly higher than the proportion of grapes wrapped by various bags;2.4% grapes wrapped by single-layer white paper bags and 2.7% grapes wrapped by single-layer yellow paper bags are harmed by noctuids.There is not significant difference between the two,but the proportions are significantly higher than the proportion of grapes wrapped by single-layer white cloth bags,which is zero.