Study On Screening New Varieties In Zunyi Tobacco-growing Areas

In order to better meet the demand of the development of the cigarette industry for raw materials characteristic brand and the high quality tobacco exploitation, by investigating and analyzing a growth period, agronomic traits, tobacco botanical traits, resistant varieties, roasted tobacco after economic traits and appearance quality of tobacco leaf and other aspects of new varieties and two local cultivars (K326 and Nanjiang-3), this study screen out the special ecological type varieties being suitable for tobacco area in Zunyi of Guizhou Province. It is designed to provide experimental support and theoretical basis for the development of Guizhou characteristic tobacco. The summarized effects are as follows:(1) During the nursery and field time, the Xiangyan-1, NC82, Xiangyan-3, Guiyan-13 have the consistent performance with the control (K326 and Nanjiang-3) during the consistent growth period; but the days of each growth stage in the field is slightly different. It is mainly manifested that the opening time of the central flower of four varieties are 10 days ahead of Nanjiang-3. It shortens the tobacco vegetative growth, and relatively prolongs the leaf tobacco ripening time. It can help to improve leaf tobacco harvesting.(2) The plant height of the four varieties is significantly higher than the control (K326 and Nanjiang-3), but its effective number of leaves is significantly less than the Nanjiang-3.The girth and pitch, etc of the tested varieties of tobacco, have little difference with control. In terms of the maximum leaf growth, the Xiangyan-1 has a good performance compared with the control, while the maximum leaf growth of the other three tested varieties exhibits the opposite rule. The regular pattern of the height after topping of the tested tobacco varieties is:Xiangyan-1> Guiyan-13> Nanjiang-3> NC82> K326> Xiangyan-3, while the effective leaf number after striking out foot leaves of Guiyan-13 is the maximum number, the other three varieties followed, and the difference between the two control varieties is not significant.(3) The plant type, leaf shape, blade tip and leaf thickness degree of the four tested varieties have consistent performance with the control, respectively, the performance are pyramid, long oval, acuminate and moderate. The leaf flatness of Guiyan-13 is consistent with K326, remain relatively flat state and the main veins are fine. The flatness of the other three new varieties are consistent with the Nanjiang-3, remain the more wrinkled state and the thickness of main vein is of moderate degree. In addition, the growing situation of the four new varieties after transplanting 20 days,40 days,60 days are, respectively, medium, strong and medium, and the growing situation is neat, which is conducive to production of the characteristics of leaf tobacco and the form of the quality of leaf tobacco.(4) In addition to poor resistance of the NC82 to the weather fleck, the other varieties have a stronger or strong resistance, which is conducive to the formation of the leaf tobacco yield and quality lately.(5) The differences of the yield per mu of four new varieties were not significant, but the average price and value of Guiyan-13 have highest performance, Xiangyan-1, Xiangyan-3, NC82 are in descending order, and among the varieties the differences are significant. The percentage of fine proportion and moderate proportion of Guiyan-13 are the largest, and its values are 44.66% and 84.95%, followed by Xiangyan-1.(6) In terms of the ratio of the leaf tobacco color, the ratio of orange shows that Nanjiang-3> Guiyan-13> K326> Xiangyan-3> NC82> Xiangyan-1, and the ratio of lemon shows that Xiangyan-1> Nanjiang-3> K326> NC82> Guiyan-13> Xiangyan-3, while Xiangyan-3 produces no lemon.(7) The comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality of leaf tobacco is different among different varieties and different parts. In terms of the lower leaf tobacco,the best performance is Guiyan-13, the worst is Xiangyan-1, NC8 and Xiangyan-3 are between them. In terms of the middle leaf tobacco, Xiangyan-3 is the best, Guiyan-13 is the worst, Xiangyan-1 and NC82 are between them. In terms of the top leaf tobacco, NC82 is the best, Guiyan-13 is the worst, Xiangyan-3 and Xiangyan-1 are between them.(8) In terms of the conventional chemical ingredients of tobacco, the nicotine and total nitrogen content of NC82 and Guiyan-13 are at a higher level, while Xiangyan-1 and Xiangyan-3 are in the appropriate range; the reducing sugar and total sugar content of Xiangyan-3 are at a higher level, the other tested varieties are at a moderate level; in terms of the potassium content, the potassium content of NC82 and Xiangyan-1 are at a lower level, while Xiangyan-3 and Guiyan-13 are in the appropriate range; among the tested varieties, the chlorine content and starch content are in the appropriate range.Integrating growth period situation, the agronomic traits and appearance quality of each part, combining the requirements of the characteristics leaf tobacco development, it is proposed that Xiangyan-3 should be recommend planting in tobacco-growing areas in Zunyi. Guiyan-13 and Xiangyan-1 have a more favorable economic traits and disease resistance, and the growth period is appropriate for the ecological environment of tobacco-growing areas in Zunyi. It has a good agronomic traits, but its comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality of each part is lower, it is recommended to retain. It needs to improve growing techniques and baking process conditions, may be used to further test exploration.