Analysis On Maize Production System In Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang province is the first maize production province in China.In recent years,the development of maize production was very fast,but now it is facing the severe situation of large compression planting area.we uses panel data and test results to analysis the maize production system in Heilongjiang Province from the law of development,technological progress,climate change,economic factors and other aspects,The purpose of this study is to provide the basis for the crops distribution and the development direction of maize in Heilongjiang province in the future,and to realize the sustainable development of maize production in Heilongjiang province.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Heilongjian The trend of crop planting structure adjustment in Heilongjiang province after 1949 are to reduce the number and increase the rates of main crops,maize and rice are the most important crops in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province.The highest proportion Economic crops,miscellaneous grain crops,pulse beans,and wheat planted are in the 1980s-1990 s,but now it's striking sharply.The contribution of maize yield to the total grain yield of Heilongjiang province was higher than that of rice Heilongjiang(direct path coefficient was 0.4908 and 0.3788,respectively).In the future,the planting area of maize should be compressed,and the proportion of economic crop should be increased,so as to add the fallow into the planting structure in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province.(2)During the period of 1949-2014 maize planting area increased by 15.3 times,while the yield level increased nearly five times,both for production of direct path coefficient was 0.6313 and 0.4457,respectively,the contribution of planting area to the increase of the total production is greater than the contribution of yield.There are three reasons for the rapid expansion of maize planting area in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province.The first is the increase of social demand and the strong support of national policy,which makes the efficiency of maize planting increase significantly;Second is an obvious increase in the environment temperature,the effective accumulated temperature increased by about 200 degrees,which promoted the northward expansion of maize planting area;Third is the progress of agricultural technology,especially the spread of the early maturing and high-yield series varieties represented by the Demeiya 1 and the promotion of maize harvest machine expand the maize planting area of 4,5 accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang Heilongjiangprovince.(3)Technical reasons for the increase of maize yield in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province include choose more tolerant close planting varieties,the planting density increased from 45000 to 60000 per hectare,the fertilization amount increased(N,P,K were 82.4,54.0,17.4 kg/ha),potassium significantly increased,and NPK ratio more coordinated.The contribution order of the three factors is: density increase > fertilizer amount increase> variety improvement.the first of the physiological basis lies in yield increase was the improvement of population photosynthetic capacity,including the increase of leaf area index and the improvement of photosynthetic rate,especially leaf area index declined slowly at late growth period,;The second was the increased of fertilizer utilization ratio.In the future,the main direction to maize production in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province is improving yield under the premise of improve efficiency,maize yield potential is great in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province,Heilongjiang maize photosynthetic yield potential up to 22.3 t/ha,light-temperature yield potential up to 20 t/ha,climate yield potential of maize in Heilongjiang province different areas change from 9.6 to 17.4 t/ha.(4)With the time the temperature of different accumulated temperature zone in HeilongjiangHeilongjiang province were increased,the effective accumulated temperature increased by 213.3 degrees;the Sunshine hours showed a downward trend,the average decrease of 11.8%,while the precipitation presents increased in western,and slightly decrease trend in middle east.From the meteorological data of Harbin station,the temperature increased significantly after 1994,look from the range between max and min in maize growth period,average daily minimum temperature > daily mean temperature > daily highest temperature;Look from different months,the minimum temperature in May,June and September,the highest and average temperatures in June were increase obviously,while the temperature in July and August did not showed increase.The climate features of the May to September of maize high-yield in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province are as follows: the precipitation is 452.2 ± 114.8 mm,the accumulated temperature is 2879.1 ±42.3 ?,and the sunshine hours is 1044.3±111.4.(5)Maize compared to other major crops in Heilongjiang Heilongjiang province has obvious advantages.In order to reduce maize production costs mainly by reducing Heilongjiang the mechanical cost and fertilizer cost,the need to improve maize cultivation technique system,promoting no-till cropping pattern,control the number of operations,promote the soil testing fertilization technology,rational application of fertilizer,and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.