| ObjectiveGardeniae Fructus,the ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis,commonly named “Zhizi” in China,is one of the widely used traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Its appearances character various in the market.Whether the appearances characteristics can affect its quality? in view of this,the related studies were carried out.(1)To provide herbalism basis for quality evaluation of Gardeniae Fructus and commodity specification division,the evolution and change of quality evaluations of Zhizi in ancient materia medica were reviewed and summarized..(2)To grasp the present situation in medicinal materials market,the investigation of Gardeniae Fructus commodity in Bozhou medicine market were carried out.(3)To reveal the relation of appearance and active components and provide scientific theory basis for " Zhizi was best for round and small ones ",Gardeniae Fructus grown in Jiangxi province were selected as the research object and the different types of appearance of Gardeniae Fructus were quantificated and the content of main active components in different types of Gardeniae Fructus were determined.(4)To reveal the distribution rule of main active components in different parts and the relationship between active components and appearance of Gardeniae Fructus,the fruits of different types were striped and the main active components in each parts were determined.MethodsThe germplasm,recovery and quality evaluation of Zhizi were carded by textual research.The products of Gardeniae Fructus in Bozhou medicine market were investigated,including its origins,product specifications,grades and the key points of construction quality assessment.Gardeniae Fructus cultivated in Jiangxi were investigated and the samples collected were divided into different types according to their appearance characteristics.The length,diameter,fruit weight,volume,gardenia of Gardeniae Fructus were obtained by using the manual stripping parts and measuring the weight proportion of each part(edges,pericarps,pulps,seeds).The HPLC method for simultaneous determination of three types consisting of eight kinds of active components(iridoids glycosides,flavonoids,crocetin pigments)were established.Then the contents of eight kinds of active components including geniposide,geniposide acid,deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and so on.Gardeniae Fructus were determined.Gardeniae Fructus grown in Jiangxi were peeled to five parts(sepals,edges,pericarps,pulps,seeds).The contents of geniposide,geniposide acid,deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester and other five active ingredients were determinated.The relevance of the appearance and different parts of the active ingredient were analyzed.Results(1)Zhizi was used for medicinal,dyeing and ornamental with different germplasms.Zhizi of "wild,thin and round,with seven to nine edges,red color,long sepals" was regareded as the best one in ancient materia medicia.Since the modern times,the producing area,recovery time and fruit plumpness have been added as the evaluating indicators for quality of Gardeniae Fructus,which was come down in one continuous line with ancient materia medicia.(2)The market research indicated that,the majority of Gardeniae Fructus in Bozhou herbal medicine market were true.and Shui Zhizi,the dried ripe fruits of G.jasminoides var.grandiflora Nakai,was the common counterfeit.According to its origin,growth mode,appearance,cleanliness and processing methods,Gardeniae Fructus are divided into different product specifications currently on the market.(3)Field investigation of the main producing areas of Gardeniae Fructus in Jiangxi Province was carried out and samples were collected for character investigation.The results showed that,the morphological size of Gardeniae Fructus could be quantified according to the indexes such as length and diameter,fruit weight and volume.Gardeniae Fructus produced from Jiangxi were divided into type A,B,C and D referred to the morphological sizes.The appearance of Gardeniae Fructus was related to the weight ratio of different parts,in which large andlong ones had thick pericarps taken up more proportion of the weightand more pulp and less seeds,whileround and small ones had thin skin and seeds taken up more ratio of weight.(4)The contents of eight main active components of iridoid glycosides,flavonoids,crocetin pigments in different types of Gardeniae Fructus in Jiangxi province were determined.The result showed that,iridoid glycosides was widely distributed in Gardeniae Fructus,followed by crocetin pigment,and flavonoids was lower than other components.The highest content in the eight components was geniposide,which was more than the content standard of Gardeniae Fructus in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(?1.8%),followed by the genipin-1-?-gentiobioside and crocin I.The other five kinds of content were relatively lower.The main active components were related to the fruit sizes of Gardeniae Fructus,in which iridoid glycosides had higher content in small and round ones,whereas the content of crocetin pigments in large and long gardenia were higher.The content of flavonoids decreased as the size decresed.(5)The content determination of 8 components in different tissue of different Gardeniae Fructus showed that,the contents of geniposidic acid,genipin-1-?-gentiobioside were the highest in seeds.Deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester,genipin were mainly distributed in the edges.Geniposide,Crocin?,Crocin? were mainly distributed in the pulps.Rutin was distributed in the sepals.The order of the total content of eight kinds of components in different parts of Gardeniae Fructus was: pulps,seeds,edges,pericarps,sepals.ConclusionAncient materia medicia paid more attention to the quality evaluation of Zhizi,regarded that Zhizi of "wild,thin and round,with seven to nine edges,red color,long sepals" as better ones,which played a valuable role in current classification of Gardeniae Fructus product specifications.The quality evaluation method in the modern mraket was in accord with ancient materia medica.The appearance of Gardeniae Fructus was closely related to the main active components,in which the contents of iridoid glycosides were higher in the round and small ones,while the contents of crocetin pigments were higher in the large and long ones,so that it provided a theoretical basis for rational utilization of resources.The analysis of the distribution of active components in different parts of Gardeniae Fructus also showed that the appearance of Gardeniae Fructus was related to the main active components.Thus,the herbal market and ancient materia medica considering Gardeniae Fructus as"small and round,thin,full was better"has a certain scientific significance. |
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