| Little research has been done on hybrid progeny of fast-growing ducks with Chinese laying ducks for cultivating quality duck in China,and crossing pattern and the economic benefit seldom are valued.In this study,we produced hybrid progeny of Cherry valley duck with Chinese laying ducks(Jinding duck,Youxian Partidge duck,Putian black duck,and Shaoxing duck)using artificial insemination technique,aiming to screen the best hybrid parents and offspring with higher production performance for breeding quality meat duck.1.Selection of male line duck.Three candidate male ducks:Cherry Valley duck(fast large type with white feather duck),Guangdong duck(fast large type with hemp feather duck)and Chongqing white duck(medium size type with white feather duck).The age and feed conversion ratio of candidate male duck at 1.9 kg of body weight were measured,and found that Cherry Valley duck fed for 29 days and the feed conversion ratio was 1.66;Guangdong duck fed for 35 days and feed conversion ratio was 1.98;Chongqing white duck fed for 53 days,and feed conversion ratio was up to 2.70.On slaughter performance,there was no significant difference between Guangdong duck and Chongqing white duck(P>0.05),but both of them were significantly higher than that of Cherry Valley Duck(P<0.05).Collectively,Cherry Valley duck have faster early growth speed,lower feed conversion ratio and high economic benefit,which meet requirements of being male line,so we select Cherry Valley duck as male line to produce the hybrid duck.2.Selection of female line duck.The analysis of growth and production performances of Jinding duck,Youxian Partidge duck,Putian black duck and Shaoxing duck showed that,Jinding duck gained the highest body weight during the rearing process.Day-old weight,105d-old weight and 300d-old weight of Jinding duck was significantly higher than that of other duck breeds(P<0.01);while 300d-old weight of Youxian Partridge duck was the smallest and significantly less than that of the other duck breeds(P<0.01).In addition,age at first egg and 50%laying egg rate of Youxian Partridge duck was the earliest one.In laying rate during their peak period showed that,Youxian Partridge duck>Jinding duck>Putian black duck and Shaoxing duck,and the difference among them reach to extremely significant level(P<0.01).Feed-egg ratio between Youxian Partridge duck and Jinding duck had no significant difference during laying egg peak period(P>0.05),but both significantly less than that of Shaoxing duck and Putian black duck(P<0.01).Youxian Partridge duck had the highest egg laying performance.Jinding duck's egg performance was slightly lower than that of Youxian Partridge duck,but its average egg size was significantly higher than that of other varieties of ducks(P<0.01)and had the highest proportion of green shell eggs.3.By artificial insemination,we solved the problem of mating difficulty during the crossing.We collected Cherry Valley parental drakes semen using the method of female bird luring,and the average ejaculate volume was 0.62 ± 0.28 ml.The artificial insemination protocol was once of every 4 days,and found the fertilization rate reached to 70%?80%,which could be applied to crossing production.Fertilization rate of artificial insemination peaked at the first day and then gradually declined;herein,the first day egg fertilization rate of Youxian Partridge duck was 86.24%and was significantly higher than that of Putian black duck with 71.63%(P<0.05).In summary,artificial insemination technology could increase five times in the utilization rate of the drake of Cherry Valley.4.Trough measuring of growth,carcass traits and meat quality of different hybrid ducks,we found that the growth speed rate of hybrid duck was medium,but faster when compared to the hybrid mother.Body weight of hybrid duck at 45 days-old was up to 2.3?2.4 kg and feed conversion ratio was 2.7?2.8;also,the survival rate and carcass traits of hybrid ducks were better than Cherry Valley duck except Yingpu group.Body weight of hybrid duck fed for 70 days-old tend to be gently,and the fat content,the pectoral muscle protein content and muscle tenderness were significantly better than that of Cherry Valley duck(P<0.01),which indicated the hybrid ducks processed better meat quality.5.In different cross combinations,hybrid ducks of Cherry Valley duck with Jinding duck at 45 days-old had the highest survival rate,whole net carcass rate and living weight,but the lowest feed conversion ratio.Meanwhile,the fertilized egg of Jinding duck had the highest hatching rate,egg laying performance and were more popular in the market with green shell eggs.In conclusion,crossing between Cherry Valley duck and Jinding duck is recommended as the best way to produce the quality meat duck. |
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